Modeling and Multivariate Methods - SAS

Chapter 3 Fitting Standard Least Squares Models 111
Effect Options
This Contrast Specification window shows the name of the effect and the names of the levels in the effect.
Beside the levels is an area enclosed in a rectangle that has a column of numbers next to boxes of + and -
signs.
To construct a contrast, click the + and - boxes beside the levels that you want to compare. If possible, the
window normalizes each time to make the sum for a column zero and the absolute sum equal to two each
time you click; it adds to the plus or minus score proportionately.
For example, to form a contrast that compares the first two age levels with the second two levels:
1. Click + for the ages 12 and 13
2. Click - for ages 14 and 15
If you wanted to do more comparisons, you would click the New Column button for a new column to
define the new contrast.
Figure 3.46 LSMeans Contrast Specification for Age
3. Click Done.
The contrast is estimated, and the Contrast report appears.