Modeling and Multivariate Methods - SAS

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Contents Overview of Neural Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Launch the Neural Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 The Neural Launch Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 The Model Launch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Model Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286 Training and Validation Measures of Fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286 Confusion Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287 Model Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287 Example of a Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289
Chapter 10 Creating Neural Networks 279 Overview of Neural Networks Overview of Neural Networks Think of a neural network as a function of a set of derived inputs, called hidden nodes. The hidden nodes are nonlinear functions of the original inputs. You can specify up to two layers of hidden nodes, with each layer containing as many hidden nodes as you want. Figure 10.2 shows a two-layer neural network with three X variables and one Y variable. In this example, the first layer has two nodes, and each node is a function of all three nodes in the second layer. The second layer has three nodes, and all nodes are a function of the three X variables. The predicted Y variable is a function of both nodes in the first layer. Figure 10.2 Neural Network Diagram The functions applied at the nodes of the hidden layers are called activation functions. The activation function is a transformation of a linear combination of the X variables. For more details about the activation functions, see “Hidden Layer Structure” on page 283. The function applied at the response is a linear combination (for continuous responses), or a logistic transformation (for nominal or ordinal responses). The main advantage of a neural network model is that it can efficiently model different response surfaces. Given enough hidden nodes and layers, any surface can be approximated to any accuracy. The main disadvantage of a neural network model is that the results are not easily interpretable, since there are intermediate layers rather than a direct path from the X variables to the Y variables, as in the case of regular regression. Launch the Neural Platform To launch the Neural platform, select Analyze > Modeling > Neural. Launching the Neural platform is a two-step process. First, enter your variables on the Neural launch window. Second, specify your options in the Model Launch.
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Version 10 Modeling and Multivariat
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INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES O
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6 Emphasis Options for Standard Lea
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8 Models with Crossed, Interaction,
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10 8 Analyzing Screening Designs Us
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12 Examining the Residuals . . . .
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14 Response Frequencies . . . . . .
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16 19 Analyzing Principal Component
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18 Interpreting the Profiles . . .
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20 Discriminant Analysis . . . . .
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Contents Book Conventions. . . . .
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24 Learn about JMP Chapter 1 Book C
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26 Learn about JMP Chapter 1 Book C
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28 Learn about JMP Chapter 1 Additi
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30 Learn about JMP Chapter 1 Additi
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Contents Launch the Fit Model Platf
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Contents Example Using Standard Lea
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56 Fitting Standard Least Squares M
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100 Fitting Standard Least Squares
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Contents Overview of Stepwise Regre
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136 Fitting Stepwise Regression Mod
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Contents Example of a Multiple Resp
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158 Fitting Multiple Response Model
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Contents Overview of Generalized Li
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180 Fitting Generalized Linear Mode
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Contents Introduction to Logistic M
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200 Performing Logistic Regression
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Page 228 and 229: 228 Performing Logistic Regression
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328 Recursively Partitioning Data C
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Contents Launch the Platform . . .
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354 Performing Time Series Analysis
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Contents The Categorical Platform .
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386 Performing Categorical Response
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Contents Introduction to Choice Mod
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404 Performing Choice Modeling Chap
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Contents Launch the Multivariate Pl
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444 Correlations and Multivariate T
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Contents Introduction to Clustering
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462 Clustering Data Chapter 18 The
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464 Clustering Data Chapter 18 Hier
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470 Clustering Data Chapter 18 K-Me
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472 Clustering Data Chapter 18 K-Me
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474 Clustering Data Chapter 18 Norm
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476 Clustering Data Chapter 18 Norm
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478 Clustering Data Chapter 18 Self
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480 Clustering Data Chapter 18 Self
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Contents Principal Components. . .
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484 Analyzing Principal Components
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Contents Introduction . . . . . . .
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494 Performing Discriminant Analysi
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Contents Overview of the Partial Le
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508 Fitting Partial Least Squares M
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Contents Introduction to Item Respo
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526 Scoring Tests Using Item Respon
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Contents Surface Plots . . . . . .
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538 Plotting Surfaces Chapter 23 La
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544 Plotting Surfaces Chapter 23 Th
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546 Plotting Surfaces Chapter 23 Th
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548 Plotting Surfaces Chapter 23 Pl
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550 Plotting Surfaces Chapter 23 Pl
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552 Plotting Surfaces Chapter 23 Ke
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Contents Introduction to Profiling
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556 Visualizing, Optimizing, and Si
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630 Comparing Model Performance Cha
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640 References Becker, R.A. and Cle
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642 References Draper, N. and Smith
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644 References Hooper, J. H. and Am
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646 References Matsumoto, M. and Ni
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648 References Rawlings, J.O. (1988
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650 References Umetrics (1995), Mul
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Contents The Response Models . . .
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654 Statistical Details Appendix A
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700 Index Stable 363 Stable Inverti
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702 Index
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Modeling and Multivariate Methods - SAS

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