Project Cyclops, A Design... - Department of Earth and Planetary ...

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apparent that some sites are considerably better than others. Proper site selection, therefore, is of great importance. The calibration scheme discussed here should permit phase errors to be reduced to, say, 5° or less in 5 minutes of observation, exclusive of atmospheric errors. 228
APPENDIXO THE OPTICAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER If a transparency having the complex amplitude and transmittance g(x,y) is placed in plane PI of Figure 11-5 and illuminated by a unit amplitude monochromatic plane wave of wavelength k, then the distribution of complex amplitude in plane P2 is approximately (ref. 1) in Chapter 11. Following Thomas, the nth line of recording has an amplitude transmittance Sn(X ) = s V" rect , 1 _n_N 1 foo foo F_i2n(ux+vyTdxdy -- LI'---- 1 and the y variation Sn(Y ) = 6 { y- [ h-(2n-l)c]}*rect(y) 2 where f is the focal length of the lens. Thomas (ref. 2) and Markevitch (ref. 3) have shown that the onedimensional data handling capability of this basically two-dimensional operation can be greatly increased by converting the one-dimensional signal to be analyzed, s(t), into a raster-type, two-dimensional format as shown in Figure 11-4. The following parameters are defined: where rect ( _ ) = O, 1,1_1 elsewhere < 1/2 b = width of spectrum analyzer input window h = length of spectrum analyzer input window c = scan line spacing N = scan lines within input window = hie and , denotes convolution. The overall transmittance is g(x,y) = Z S I rect n=l V , a = width of scan line B0 = maximum signal frequency k = maximum spatial frequency of recorded signals V = recording scan velocity = Bo/k p = frequency resolution in spectrum T = time window temporal duration of signal within input window of analyzer The signal to be analyzed s(t), is suitably limited, added to a bias to make it non-negative, and then recorded by some sort of scanned recorder as explained Y- [ 2 ] , rect and, neglecting constants, the output plane complex amplitude is, G (u,v) =f_ y_ g (x,y) exp -/2n l --'if'- (ux + vy)] dx dy 229
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(NASA-CR- 11_5) PROJECT CYCLOPS: A
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CR 114445 Available to the public A
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At this very minute, with almost ab
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Cyclops study w
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COMMUNICATION BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WA
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APPENDIX A - Astronomical Data ....
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t _ 2
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of the living beings evolved by the
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Figure2-1. M3I,the great galaxy in
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self.Thus,wecaninterpretFigure2-2as
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magnitude (low brightness) end, the
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Red Giant. The transition from main
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tion, as the central part of the cl
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TABLE 2-4 SELECTED NEARBY STARS WIT
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tideraisingforcesasr--_ where ,v =
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3. Is it possible that living syste
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lawsof natural selection, more like
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starsthroughout the Galaxyhave also
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if the longevity of that life is ty
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The imaginative reader will have no
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Lookingfar ahead,supposewe aresucce
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usuallyterritorial expansion by the
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IOO IO 1 [ [ J [ J I J i [ i I i I
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order with what Morrison has descri
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The quantity gtPt is often called t
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which might result from synchronous
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1. Wewillnothavenough resolving pow
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normalwith the meanat o x/--2. When
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Chapter11 in analyzingthe dataproce
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Therangelimitisthenfoundbyequating_
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TABLE 5-3 PARAMETER Wavelength Tran
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angeanddirectlyasthesquareof antenn
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"_ i i i i i p = STELLAR DENSITY AT
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I-- g u. O >- I--- .d tit (]O 0 0.
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andwidth that will still give near
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acquisitionphasefor otherraces.Supp
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1. They would transmit continuously
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and ¢-Ceti. No signals were detect
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vz .i g)mo PAGE NOr Ir[[,MZ 7. THE
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The price of incomplete sky coverag
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modest size.A largedatabaseontapeor
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THEAUXILIARYOPTICALSYSTEM Althoughn
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edetectedat 20,000light-years byCyc
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feeds must correct for spherical ab
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side of the dish and shade on the o
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TABLE 8-1 UNADJUSTED UNIT COST DATA
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7. Using huge specially designed ji
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9. THE RECEIVER SYSTEM The receiver
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whereP is the radiated power. Divid
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SHADOWED AREA SHADOWED AREA // // /
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Corrugatedhornssupportingbalancedhy
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o 50 ----- - _ T i 20 _,o 5 ,,,5 09
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TABLk ?- I A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS
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CENTRAL POINT STATION LSB LINE FREQ
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A02 .... + No (25) (i C 1 where No
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COAXIAL LINE DIRECTIONALCOUPLER FRE
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DeJager, J.T.:IEEETrans.onMicrowave
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pR_ING PA6E BLANK HOT FILMF_ 10. TR
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o-------------o_ _ o o o o ing of t
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addedto theother IF channel. The tw
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INPUT MHZ _PF 500 MHZ i : 575 T1 92
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azimuth _) has a delay (2a/c)sin 0
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stripline. For 2 _< k _< 6, appropr
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mation are common to all antennas i
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A cable pair costs about 20 cents/m
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11. SIGNAL PROCESSING The Cyclops s
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1.0 T t t I I r .9 -8 asynchronousl
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collimated coherent light. A simple
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power of the film and associated op
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samples simultaneously onto the sam
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outputs is assumed. COMPOSITE SIGNA
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SPECTRUM I n LINES M n LINES U SPEC
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signal andyet have a tolerable fals
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i --_- i i i i large values of n. T
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plottedin Figure11-15for various va
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All the1Fsignalswillarrivein phasei
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x:(1 +x) x 2 - _ -- (53) If we wish
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3's = unitcostof signal planelectro
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where0ma x is the maximum value of
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Roughestimates of the costs of buil
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12. CYCLOPS AS A BEACON Although th
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13. SEARCH STRATEGY The high direct
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distantgalaxies (oraninertialrefere
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wouldfollowtheuppermost linein Figu
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persquaredegreeof fieldwouldberequi
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starsfrom/'18 to G5 could support a
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14. CYCLOPS AS A RESEARCH TOOL Thro
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Only a few such galaxies have been
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15. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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perhapsdecadesand possiblycenturies
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APPENDIX A ASTRONOMICAL DATA DISTAN
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PLANETARY Planet ORBITS Semimajor S
Page 189 and 190: APPENDIX B SUPERCIVILIZATIONS AND C
Page 191 and 192: ABIOLOGICAL CIVILIZATIONS Many writ
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Page 195 and 196: tqOT APPENDIX C OPTIMUM DETECTION A
Page 197 and 198: to rmsnoise.Wenotethatthematchedfil
Page 199 and 200: APPENDIX D SQUARE LAW DETECTION THE
Page 201 and 202: If the output filter is very wide c
Page 203 and 204: if B/2 > T we can start instead wit
Page 205 and 206: Let us now introduce the normalized
Page 207 and 208: where h-- = expectation count of si
Page 209 and 210: APPENDIXE RESPONSE OF A GAUSSIAN FI
Page 211 and 212: APPENDIXF BASE STRUCTURES AZ-EL BAS
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Page 219 and 220: PAGE BLANK NOT APPENDIX H POLARIZAT
Page 221 and 222: APPENDIX I CASSEGRAINIAN GEOMETRY C
Page 223 and 224: APPENDIXJ PHASINGOFTHE LOCALOSCILLA
Page 225 and 226: APPENDIXK EFFECTOF DISPERSION IN CO
Page 227 and 228: APPENDIX L TUNNEL AND CABLE LENGTHS
Page 229 and 230: where r = "Ym/'rs- If we let o-_--o
Page 231 and 232: L-4 we see that the length of IF ca
Page 233 and 234: APPENDIX M PHASING AND TIME DELAY A
Page 235 and 236: andobtain V = 2 (Ps [! + _(Ar)] +Pn
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Page 239: APPENDIX N SYSTEM CALIBRATION The p
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Page 245 and 246: APPENDIX P LUMPED CONSTANT DELAY LI
Page 247 and 248: Thevalueofthefinalcoilonthelineis =
Page 249 and 250: APPENDIXQ CURVES OF DETECTION STATI
Page 251 and 252: I I I I LE :E oo
Page 253 and 254: APPENDIX R RADIO VISIBILITY OF NORM
Page 255: io 3 - l rlrllll I I I ]l+,ll_ I _f
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