Advanced POWER Virtualization on IBM System p5 - Previous ...

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Characteristics of WLM, PLM, and shared processors Each of the available resource management mechanisms has its own characteristics that distinguishes it from the others. WLM WLM monitors and manages the use of CPUs, memory, and disk I/O rates within a stand-alone AIX 5L system or partition. It can limit the use of these resources by particular processes or groups of processes. WLM places each process in a class (a class may hold more than one process). Each class is allocated a number of shares. The ratio of the shares owned by a class to the sum of the shares of all active classes gives the proportion of the resources that the class will receive. The shares mechanism results in a self-adapting percentage. In a virtualized environment, WLM is able to manage competing demands for memory, dedicated, and virtual processors, and disk I/O within a single AIX 5L instance. In dedicated processor partitions, WLM can assign classes to specific CPUs using processor resource sets. WLM periodically evaluates resource usage. It makes the necessary adjustments to usage targets at the end of each period by acting on the process priorities. WLM can manage resource usage conflicts as soon as they occur and for as long as they last. Note: ► WLM only has visibility of resource usage within a partition. It has no visibility of what is happening in other partitions and cannot modify the priority of a partition relative to other partitions. ► WLM is provided as part of AIX 5L. PLM PLM manages memory, dedicated processor partitions, and shared processor partitions. PLM manages partitions. It has no knowledge of the importance of any workload running in the partitions and therefore cannot readjust priority based on the changes of workload types. PLM makes resource allocation decisions based on a policy file defined by the system administrator and will request the HMC to perform the appropriate dynamic LPAR operation. 432 <strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>POWER</strong> <strong>Virtualization</strong> on IBM System p5
PLM has a relatively high latency (in the order of minutes). This high latency makes PLM appropriate only for medium and long-term changes in resource usage and ineffective for managing short-lived peaks. Shared processors When using shared processor partitions, the <strong>POWER</strong> Hypervisor manages a pool of processors shared among a number of partitions. Unused processor cycles can be moved to uncapped virtual processors that require them, giving them more than they would normally be allowed. The <strong>POWER</strong> Hypervisor has relatively low latencies. It has a scheduler dispatch cycle of 10 ms and can make changes to the dispatch in the middle of the cycle. Dynamic LPAR operations to increase the entitlement of virtual processors take a few seconds. All virtual processors have to be scheduled on physical processors. Having a very high number of virtual processors (across all partitions) relative to the number of physical processors in the shared pool can degrade overall system performance. AIX 5L Version 5.3 Maintenance Level 3 significantly reduces the side effects of large numbers of virtual CPUs (refer to“Virtual processor folding” on page 36. 6.6.2 How load is evaluated All resource and workload managers rely on a measure of resource usage. This may be an point-in-time measurement or a rolling average over a period of time. An understanding of how PLM, WLM, and the <strong>POWER</strong> Hypervisor measure resource usage is necessary to appreciate how they will interact. Evaluating memory load Determining precisely how much physical memory is being actively used by all applications in AIX 5L is difficult because AIX 5L’s strategy is to make the best use of all the resources put at its disposal and it will leave pages in physical memory even though they are no longer required. As an alternative to measuring physical memory usage, as reported by the vmstat command, it is possible to infer the active memory occupation indirectly from the paging rates. WLM uses the standard memory load statistics similar to those provided by the vmstat command. PLM uses both metrics for evaluating the memory load in a partition. Chapter 6. Partition Load Manager 433
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Front cover Advanced</stron
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Note: Before using this information
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2.1 New features in Version 1.3 of
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4.4.2 Configuration on the Virtual
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6.6.4 Managing memory resources . .
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3-9 Processing sharing mode and the
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5-14 Status window . . . . . . . .
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xiv Advanced <stro
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xvi Advanced <stro
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any form without payment to IBM, fo
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The team that wrote this redbook Th
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xxii Advanced <str
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- Additional information about the
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management” on page 257 discusses
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1.1.5 Virtual LAN 1.1.6 Virtual I/O
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The service processor provides the
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Adapter sparing Adapter sparing can
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1.4.1 IBM AIX 5L for System p5 syst
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Note: i5/OS partitions are only sup
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Function / capability IBM System z9
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1.6 The value of the Advanc
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18 Advanced <stron
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2.1 New features in Version 1.3 of
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► throughput and performance. For
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► IVM enhancements Industry leadi
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Shared Ethernet Adapter failover ca
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the partition. This allows you to c
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Figure 2-2 ASMI menu to enable the
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management interface for systems wi
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When setting up a partition, you ha
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partition with 0.50 processing unit
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processors and the other a single o
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Figure 2-5 shows the usage of the s
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2.4.5 Dynamic partitioning Partitio
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Number of virtual processors In gen
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The benefit of SMT is greatest wher
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Setting SMT mode using SMIT Use the
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The Hypervisor firmware and the hos
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Partition 2 is configured with one
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Note: The Virtual I/O Server suppor
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Most ISVs consider partitions with
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When a partition is running as unca
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► ► ► Selected IBM software p
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Shared pool = 4 CPU Sum EC = 3.0 PU
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For more information about the use
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Table 2-5 Licensing estimation for
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Maximum virtual processors used Cap
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2.8 Virtual and Shared Ethernet int
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► VLAN 2 - Node A-2 - Node B-3 -
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VLAN support in AIX 5L is based on
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2. Tagged port receives a packet ta
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page 78. EtherChannel and Link Aggr
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Note: In this type of configuration
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Figure 2-18 Shared Ethernet Adapter
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Other aspects that have to be taken
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► Only packets for the VLAN speci
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► Packets tagged with a VLAN othe
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► The value proposition enabling
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Figure 2-21 Virtual SCSI architectu
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Figure 2-23 and Figure 2-24 show th
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4. In the Virtual I/O Server, vios1
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The following are the steps to unco
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► ► A logical volume on the Vir
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I/O configuration, performance is a
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Hardware management is done by an H
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VMC allows IVM to provide basic log
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Virtual TTY In order to allow LPAR
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2.13.1 Linux device drivers for IBM
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Mirroring Linux can mirror disks by
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Figure 2-29 Bridging a virtual and
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116 Advanced <stro
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3.1 Getting started This section pr
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lspath mkpath mkvdev mkvt rmdev rmp
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3.1.2 Hardware resources managed Th
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3.2 Creating a Virtual I/O Server p
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3. Enter the partition name and ID
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5. You have the option to change th
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7. Select the Shared check box for
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9. Specify the processing sharing m
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11.Skip setting the I/O pools, as s
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2. Click the Create adapter button
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5. Add a virtual SCSI adapter to vi
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7. Select Normal for your boot mode
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A few seconds after the status wind
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3. Select the VIO_Server1 profile a
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You are now ready to use the newly
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3. Specify the Maximum virtual adap
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You can use the lsmap -all -net com
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2. Select the check box AIX or Linu
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2. Click Create client adapter. The
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4. Click Create server adapter and
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6. When the operation is complete,
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9. When you have completed adding v
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Server SCSI adapters have been adde
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Using logical partitions In our bas
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Note: Based on the lsdev -vpd comma
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It is useful to be able to map the
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Assuming that a NIM master is confi
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3. Set up the NIM master IP address
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3.4.6 Mirroring the Virtual I/O Ser
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Once the interaction between virtua
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Figure 3-45 shows the steps to crea
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Ethernet server adapter and a physi
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4.1 Providing higher serviceability
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Figure 4-1 MPIO and LV Mirroring wi
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Some advanced topics with respect t
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While EC is an Cisco-specific imple
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Alternatives for network high avail
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Figure 4-6 IP multipathing in the c
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SEA Failover works as follows: Two
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Although the alternative configurat
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► With NIB, the two internal netw
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In Figure 4-11 on page 201, a clien
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When Virtual I/O Server 2 returns t
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few cycles to set up, but none for
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4.1.7 Considerations The following
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. On step 10, allocate an unused Et
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7. Check the devices list on your V
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Figure 4-17 shows the intended solu
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. Click the Create Adapter button,
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Tip: Mismatching SEA and SEA Failov
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Checking which SEA is active Checki
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In this scenario, we attach each Vi
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2. Configure the SEA, as described
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5. Check for the vhost adapter usin
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8. Check again, using the lsdev com
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Check the mappings, as shown in Exa
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2. Check the MPIO configuration by
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To determine which path will use th
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7. On the first LPAR, create an enh
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A switch can be forced with the /us
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The configurations described in thi
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We recommend using mirroring, strip
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Supported multi-path configurations
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Supported scenarios using one Virtu
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Supported scenarios using multiple
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4.7.2 Supported Ethernet configurat
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In order to help clients improve th
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Clients can find the fixes and file
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Figure 4-35 shows the basic conside
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256 Advanced <stro
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5.1 Dynamic LPAR operations This se
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5. Figure 5-3 shows you the Virtual
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another partition. Use the lsslot -
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2. Select the adapter to be moved a
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5.1.3 Add memory dynamically in AIX
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5.1.4 Removing memory dynamically T
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The following command shows the eff
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2. Figure 5-17 shows the current pr
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et1 Defined 01-09 IEEE 802.3 Ethern
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1. Use the diagmenu command to unco
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5. Locate the blinking adapter, rep
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► Figure 5-19 shows you the topol
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Example 5-4 shows how to back up th
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Example 5-6 Creating a Virtual I/O
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5.2.5 Restoring the Virtual I/O Ser
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For an AIX 5L NIM server recovery,
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To view the System Plan, Select Sys
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In Example 5-11, we look to the map
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The last information we need is the
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In a mirrored environment, issue th
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Figure 5-23 shows that the virtual
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csm.diagnostics 1.5.0.0 # Cluster S
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os.txt.spell 5.3.0.10 # Writer's To
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hd3 jfs2 1 2 2 open/syncd /tmp hd1
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Adding a PCI hot plug adapter The t
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The following is a list of empty SC
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After the disk is replaced and brou
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2. Get a larger disk from the Virtu
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The updateios command does not comm
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Note: You can use dsh based on rsh,
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2 Checking if Redundancy with dual
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STATUS=`lspath -l $n | grep Failed
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Traditional performance measurement
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CPU statistics in shared-processors
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This is shown in Example 5-22 and E
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5.5.4 The topas command The topas c
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capped, and uncapped. The Mem and t
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Tip: The output of topas -cecdisp w
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These files can now be processed wi
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interval and count parameters. The
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The lparstat command POWER<
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Note: The variable capacity weight
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Column Measured parameter Comments
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The sysstat command The sysstat com
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write: wps avgserv minserv maxserv
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5.5.7 Monitoring with PLM The Parti
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Use the perfwb command to start the
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Using the r and p switches after st
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The nmon process runs in the backgr
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The POWER Hypervis
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5.7 Security considerations for Vir
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The firewall can be switched on and
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Enable mail client (dismaildmndls):
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Network option extendednetstats (ex
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Enable unsecure daemons (disrmtdmns
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Minimum number of chars (mindiffhls
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370 Advanced <stro
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6.1 Partition Load Manager introduc
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Notes: ► The PLM server may resid
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When PLM is notified that a partiti
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6.1.4 Memory management PLM manages
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However, the managed nodes know not
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Page 416 and 417: Define a PLM policy as follows: 1.
Page 418 and 419: Table 6-2 CPU-related tunables CPU
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Page 422 and 423: 1. Start the Web-based System Manag
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Page 442 and 443: 6.3 Point-in-time and recurring rec
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Page 446 and 447: 6.4 Tips and troubleshooting PLM Th
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Page 454 and 455: ► ► PLM does not directly state
Page 456 and 457: 6.6 Resource management Owners of I
Page 460 and 461: Evaluating CPU utilization Traditio
Page 462 and 463: Shared-processor partitions support
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Page 466 and 467: FDX FLOP FRU FTP GDPS GID GPFS GUI
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Page 470 and 471: Other publications These publicatio
Page 472 and 473: ► ► ► ► Virtual I/O Server
Page 474 and 475: cfgdev command 163, 203, 264 cfgmgr
Page 476 and 477: excess weight, PLM 376 extendlv com
Page 478 and 479: Micro-Partitioning 3, 32-33 49 capp
Page 480 and 481: processor dispatch 43, 50 processor
Page 482 and 483: VIO 59 virtual processor 61 mainten
Page 484 and 485: target 90, 92 virtual SCSI Server a
Page 488: Back cover Advanced</strong
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