Third Day Poster Session, 17 June 2010 - NanoTR-VI

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Poster Session, Thursday, June 17 Theme F686 - N1123 6th Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Conference, zmir, 2010 638
U Neslihan P P P Poster Session, Thursday, June 17 Theme F686 - N1123 1 3 Dimensional L Shaped Photonic Crystal Waveguide 1 1 1 EtiUP P*, H. Sami SözüerP PP and Zebih ÇetinP P Abstract- We present theoretical studies on waveguide bends in a combination of 1 dimensional and 2 dimensional photonic crystal slab. In this work, we give a method to bend light on L shaped photonic crystal waveguide slabs with little loss. 1 The discovery of the photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs), which allow only certain electromagnetic wave modes to propagate inside the structure, has opened up new ways of controlling light propagation in optical integrated circuit designs. By using photonic crystal slab waveguides, which are 1 dimensional or 2 dimensional periodic structures with a finite thickness in the vertical direction, it is possible to fabricate light guiding optical materials by total internal reflection [1], that confines light to the slab, and bend them with little loss by photonic crystal assistance. With conventional dielectric waveguides which depend entirely on total internal reflection, there is a problem in guiding light while turning through sharp edges and tight curves because the angle of the incidence is too high for total internal reflection, resulting in most of the electromagnetic field being radiated out and lost. To cope with this problem, a 2 dimensional line defect waveguide can be used [2-8]. The problem with 2 dimensional line defect waveguides is that even small defects during manufacturing can greatly increase attenuation, thus limiting their usefulness to guide light over long distances. To overcome this difficulty, Notomi proposed using a 1 dimensional slab waveguide which is not periodic in the direction of propagation, to reduce dispersion and attenuation [3]. But still in an optical circuit, one would want to bend light through a 90 angle due to the confined geometry. In this work, we make use of the best of both worlds, namely, we use 1D slab waveguide of Notomi for the straight sections and a 2D slab waveguide for containig the light at the corners. By this way, the wave would travel with little loss through the straight sections, turns through sharp corner with little bending loss as well, reentering the 1D waveguide region to travel for another long straight segment as shown in figure [1]. Figure 2. 2D perfect square photonic crystal slab. There is a band gap between 0.2 and 0.4 . The gray areas are unlocalized radiation modes. Figure 3. Dispersion relations for 2D and 1D waveguides. The big crosses are localized TE-like modes of the 1DWG, while the big full circles are those of the 2D LDWG. The small dots show unlocalized modes. Matched modes for the two types of waveguides overlap, indicating good impedance matching between the 1D and 2D waveguides. Then choosing the proper defect size at 2D and 1D structes we created our waveguides and succeed to match their modes as shown figure [3]. Thus, theoretically it is possible to bend light in L shaped waveguide. It remains to be seen actually what percentage of the light passes through the bend by FDTD calculations in the time domain. *Corresponding author: 2Tneslihaneti@iyte.edu.tr2T Figure 1. Photonic crystal waveguide slab, which is a periodic structure with a finite thickness in vertical z-direction and combines 1D and 2D slab waveguides. We used the data in [7] since preliminary evidence showed that it is possible to bend light by 90 degrees almost without loss, but with the difference that in our proposed structure we studied the more realistic photonic crystal waveguide slab which is finite in the z-direction. Firstly we found the band diagram for the 2D perfect pc slab, shown in figure [2]. [1]2TKrauss TF, DeLaRue RM, Brand S, "Two-dimensional photonicbandgap structures operating at near infrared wavelengths" NATURE 383 pp. 699-702, (1996) [2] A. Mekis, J. C. Chen, I. Kurland, S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, and J. D. Joannopoulos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3787-3790 (1996). [3] H. Taniyama and M. Natomi and Y. Yoshhikuni, Phys. Rev. B.71, 153-103 (2005). [4] A. Chutinan and S. Noda Phys. Rev.B.62, 4488-4492 (2000). [5] S. G. Jhonson, S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, and J. D. Joannopoulos, Phys. Rev.B.60, 5751-5758 (1999) [6] Natalia Malkova, Sungwon Kim, and Venkatraman Gopalan, Appl Phys. Let. Vol 83, Number 8 (2003) 6th Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Conference, zmir, 2010 639
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Third Day Poster Session, 17 June 2010 - NanoTR-VI

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