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The Matrix System at Work - Independent Evaluation Group - World ...

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ENDNOTES<br />

Chapter 5<br />

57 According to the Oxford English Dictionary, l<strong>at</strong>eral thinking is “a way of thinking which<br />

seeks the solution to intractable problems through unorthodox methods, or elements which<br />

would normally be ignored by logical thinking.” Edward de Bono invented this concept to<br />

mean thinking beyond the range of existing perceptions, concepts, and boundaries. See <strong>The</strong><br />

Use of L<strong>at</strong>eral Thinking. London: Jon<strong>at</strong>han Cape, 1967. Also see New Think: <strong>The</strong> Use of L<strong>at</strong>eral<br />

Thinking in the Gener<strong>at</strong>ion of New Ideas. New York: Basic Books, 1969.<br />

58 See findings from country director and sector manager interviews in Appendix E.<br />

59 See findings from sector manager interviews in Appendix E.<br />

60 <strong>The</strong> program is summarized in a document issued by the Reform Secretari<strong>at</strong>, “10 Point<br />

Program towards Enhanced Sector Practices.” April 26, 2011.<br />

61 See “QAG Assessment of Sector Boards” (2004).<br />

62 <strong>The</strong> new structure of Global Technical Practices being piloted by FPD intends to change<br />

this p<strong>at</strong>tern by making the directors accountable for several of these functions.<br />

63 Oakerson, Ronald J. 1989. “Governance Structures for Enhancing Accountability and<br />

Responsiveness,” in James L. Perry, ed., Handbook of Public Administr<strong>at</strong>ion. San Francisco:<br />

Jossey-Bass.<br />

64 <strong>The</strong> span of control is defined as the number of people who can be effectively managed by<br />

one manager.<br />

65 This number excludes OPCS units.<br />

66 In the Africa Region, SDN has appointed sector leaders as de facto deputies to help<br />

manage their larger sector units. But this role is still not part of the Bank’s formal<br />

managerial structure.<br />

67 <strong>The</strong> first vice president of SDN said in her welcoming speech to ESSD staff, she did not<br />

know why social development too should be in SDN but she went along with the<br />

recommend<strong>at</strong>ion of the acting vice president of ESSD. It was only subsequent to the form<strong>at</strong>ion<br />

of SDN th<strong>at</strong> social sustainability emerged as a business line under the social development<br />

Sector Board.<br />

68 <strong>The</strong> former Department for Transport and Urban Development was elimin<strong>at</strong>ed. <strong>The</strong><br />

Transport sector moved to the Infrastructure Department (TWI); Urban Development joined<br />

the Finance and Economics Department (FEU).<br />

69 <strong>The</strong> eight Sector Boards do not include clim<strong>at</strong>e change or disaster management, which<br />

have large teams financed by two of the largest Bank-executed trust funds.<br />

70 OPCS is included under network VPUs as they house the two Sector Boards for financial<br />

management and procurement. Although some OPCS functions fall outside the m<strong>at</strong>rix, the<br />

bulk of their staff, especially in the Regions are part of the m<strong>at</strong>rix. An additional 481 staff<br />

were in DEC and WBI, which have important roles in the Bank’s knowledge services but are<br />

considered outside the m<strong>at</strong>rix.<br />

244

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