maritime activities economy and social customs of the muslims of ...

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Muslim maritime traders of this region, one fourth belonged to the Parava Christians. Vaipar was the parava port which was a Christian centre. The Paravas were also traders competing with the Muslims of the region and had the support of the Company and their vessels also plied to other ports in Coromandel and Malabar. From the ports of Kilakkarai, Kayalpattanam and Kulasekarapattanam and Vaipar merchandise were sent to other ports like Nagapattanam, Adimpattanam. Muthupet, Madras, Cuddalore, and ~ondicheny'~~. At the fag end of nineteenth century the sea traffic fromKayalpattanam was minimum and Kulasekarapattanam continued to be a busy port. The commodities of export from these ports were mats, oilcake, ch~lle, drylish, yarn, tobacco, condiments, ghee, animals, teakwood. porcel~ne, medic~nal herbs, cotton, sandalwood, palm, sugar, textiles etc., Areca, Coconut, jute, wheat, blackgram, metals, coconut oil, liquors, palm and coconut trunks, bull~ons, spices. yarn and cane were imported from ceylon into these ports. Food grains, areca, coconut. dlyfah, timber, palm sugar, animats, spices, tobacco, cotton and chank were the commodities in interportal trade'09. There were only a few prosperous manhme trad~ng famikes at the close of the nineteenth century at Kayalpattanam area. The families of Ahamed Hussain Marakkayar and Mohideen Meera Marakkayar were the leading n~aritime traders in Kayalpattanam during this period. They had extensive business connections in Ceylon and were running a cargo company at Colombo by name " Colombo Cargo Boat Company ". They were having more than fifty hais for cleaniig cargoes at both h e coasla Their cargo company had connections with British Steam Navigation Company. They owned salt pans at Kayalpattanam and exported the salt to Colombo and other ports. Thcy were having boiil bullding yard at Kayalpattnam and manufactured and sold boats to the English Company. Cholukar MaraWtayar family and Maniya Marakkayar family were the other important ship owning families at Kayalpattanam. All the above maritime traders had palacial buildings near the sea shore at Kayalpattanam, the remnants of which can be seen even to this day. The small traders who survived the economic storm, had to depend on the facilities afforded by the above shipowning families lor their overseas trading and interportal actidties.
At Kulasekarapuram , Hassankhan Sirajudeen Marakkayar, Kadar Batch Marakkayar, Gulam Mohideen Marakkayar. Vappu Naina Marakkayar. Syadulla Marakkayar and A\)usali Marakkayar w
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MARITIME ACTIVITIES ECONOMY AND SOC
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During my field work. I interviewed
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J RAJA MOHAMAD CURATOR GOVERNMENT M
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Key to Abbrevlmtlonm ARE ARP BOR FS
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Chapter - I INTRODUCTION A study of
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However the Muslims were no match t
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Secondary Sources Castes and Tribes
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Chapter two outlines the geographic
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at Tranquebar. Their trading activi
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At the beginning of nineteenth cent
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There were Muslim weavers in large
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The Tamil speaking Muslims of Corom
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and they have been pooled together
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Chapter I1 THE COROMANDEL COAST The
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community of the present day Tamil
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Most of the Coromandel ports were l
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trading communltles and their settl
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acquired the knowledge about the oc
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Kenneth Hall. op. dt. p - 167. A.R.
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polygais reorganised the admlnistra
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In 1736 the rulers of Tamil country
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SethupathkofRamaMthapaoam. Lwas~fra
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Chapter IV THE MUSLIMS OF COROMANDE
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M~~llnlppattu, Ncd~~nnlvndnl,Prr~~m
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wife but also a pbce for board and
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Yonakar street or Yon street even t
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to be the merchant guild of the Mus
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which is considered to be a subcast
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Muslims of Tamil Nadu as Lovai. It
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inscription and said the term marak
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No doubt this is to enhance their e
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The Portuguese used this plural hon
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CHOUAS The Wrds of the Dutch, Engli
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W. Roboltson Smlth, Mp and manisge
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80. Qusdir Hussain Khan, op.clt., p
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Chapter - V EUROPEANS ON THE COROMA
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to be friendly with Portuguese. Rul
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the Muslims had established firmly
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assistance of the Dutch. In return
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In 1537 the three captains of the Z
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V. I1 . THE DUTCH The Hollanders -
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An impressive fort was built at Nag
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Ekojl the Maratha general was insta
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However the Dutch web caught hold o
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ejected a similar offer made to Col
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The Dutch took the Coromandel texti
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The Portuguese never extended such
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to the English and Pondichery to Fr
Page 99 and 100: The french settlements were a heave
Page 101 and 102: A record of Fort St. George of 28 J
Page 103 and 104: The settlement of Madras ( Fort. St
Page 105 and 106: The Myrore wars of subsequent times
Page 107 and 108: Under the English administration th
Page 109 and 110: for local representatives. Most of
Page 111 and 112: and confident merchants as share ho
Page 113 and 114: Choudy alleges that the English Eas
Page 115 and 116: C Sivarathnam, Tamils m Ceylon , (
Page 117 and 118: S Arasaratnam. Conlpan~eb and Comme
Page 119 and 120: 130. B.Krishnamoorthy op cit ; Ch~e
Page 121 and 122: 191, ibid 192 lbld p 192. 193. S. A
Page 123 and 124: in the m t h centuxy A.D.. the Atab
Page 125 and 126: The religious ties and associations
Page 127 and 128: found it extremely difficult to com
Page 129 and 130: His ships sailed to Pulicat, PortoN
Page 131 and 132: The English records from 1686 menti
Page 133 and 134: MARITIME TRADE At the beginning of
Page 135 and 136: Similarly the Cholia Muslim were we
Page 137 and 138: Some of the Muslim traders were so
Page 139 and 140: When the amount due to the merchant
Page 141 and 142: S i Moharned, and lbmhim ~agudha~'.
Page 143 and 144: The decline of opportunities in shi
Page 145 and 146: Even in the kt decatk of the nbwtem
Page 147 and 148: Malabar and Bengal ports. This fami
Page 149: He had business connection in Singa
Page 153 and 154: and there were no Marakkayar trader
Page 155 and 156: Thus it will be seen tha there was
Page 157 and 158: Korkai of Sangam period gave way to
Page 159 and 160: The Dutch took over the pearl fishe
Page 161 and 162: was fished in the coastal belt of T
Page 163 and 164: At KikWcarai a certain wnMbution of
Page 165 and 166: A considerable population of Muslim
Page 167 and 168: withstand the strong mansoon winds
Page 169 and 170: weather, sea and its bottom topogra
Page 171 and 172: On thei anival at Commandel the Dut
Page 173 and 174: in defence and tradeZz5. This is an
Page 175 and 176: and others they could not get inter
Page 177: There was lack of creativity and in
Page 180 and 181: References Pratandha Thjrnttu, Dr.
Page 182 and 183: Chief of PortoNovo to the chief of
Page 184 and 185: Somerset Playne, op.cit. p.4686; Pa
Page 186 and 187: TNA Judicial Consultation, Vol 242
Page 188 and 189: TNA Madurai District Record, Vo1.47
Page 190 and 191: Sarada Raju. op. cit pp.200 - 201.
Page 192 and 193: The Arabic word lslam cannotes subm
Page 194 and 195: the Shariath by Ulamas and Alims le
Page 196 and 197: equal status. Ranking as in caste s
Page 198 and 199: Tho elaborate rituals and ceremonie
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On arrival at the bride's residence
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at present. In many families among
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and hw described about each and eve
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tho idontlty of the Muvllms and to
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Puberty ceremony is generally celeb
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Lunch and dinner is mostly rice Non
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where we find references to the orn
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The purdha system is widely in prac
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The girls were married at a very ea
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The Muslims attach much importance
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and also to the poor in Mecca and ~
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The Mira) or Mihura) night is consi
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The worship that takes place in the
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Such festivals were celebrated with
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(Though this is a good study to int
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Dargah worship is much familiar amo
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indigenous languages can understand
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Kinship term Marakkayar Labbai Rowt
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Muslims have enriched the voccabula
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Edward William Lane, Arabian Societ
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Particular collected in Interviews
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Chapter Vlll CONCLUSION The Period
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The Coromandel Muslims did not atta
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think that the Coromandel Muslim so
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&@ cqhnwm~ch nw&m g m ~ 6 m @ mCw@
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Imam Maulavl Mauzln Mdadun Nabi Nar
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Intensive field studie
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Kambaramayanarn Kandar Alankaram Ka
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Report of Customs Committee, Madras
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Magbul Ahamed. S.. lndo Arab Relati
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WUkr. Col.. Historical sketches of
Page 263 and 264:
Sarlri . B.S., " P o w in South Irl
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