maritime activities economy and social customs of the muslims of ...

THULUKKAR
The Muslims of Coromandel were also called as Thulukkar, along with Sonakar.
Thulukkar, means the native of Turkey. Though all the Muslims who frequented Coromandel
Coast had not come from Turkey, this term is vey commonly and popularly applied to all
the Muslims by the fellow Hindus. While the word Sonagan is very sparcely used, Tulukkan
is in popular use even to this day44.
Adiyarkkunallar the commentator of Silappadhikaram translates the word "Yavana"
as Yavanathurukkar.
Several Tamil literatures of later period also refer to the Muslims as
~hulukkar~. According to some scholars the word Thurushka came into use right from
second century A.D since emperor Kanishka was Thurushka by ethnicity as mentioned in
Kalphana's ~ajatharangini~~. Sanskrit and Telugu literatures give the term Thurushka for
Thumkkar. The Pmsasthis of Vijayanagar kings Include titles like Thulukka moham thavirthan,
Thulukka thalavipadan etc., (i.e those who defeated ~uslims~'.) The Sultanate of Madurai
in (14 th centuy) was called Thulukkaniam and Thulukka avanam4'.
were called ~hulukkanam~~.
Thulukkar settlements
Thulukkar and Thulukkan are wy well rooted words in the Coromandel society to
call Muslims, and this influence can be seen in all the spheres of life. Thulukkappoo (flower)
Thulukkasamanthi (African Merigold) Thulukkamalligai, Thulukkappasali (Besella green)
Thulukkappalaru (KLdnq, Bean) Thulukka Kathazhai. There are place names like Thulukkanpatti
(Virdunagar Tk) Thulukkankulam (Aruppukkottai Tk) Thulukkankurichi (Mudukulathur Tk)
Thulukka Muthu (Avinasi Tk), Thulukkathandalam (Kanchipuram Tk).
ANJUVANNAM
In earlier times, the Muslim settlements of the coastal towns functioned as
a Wid for themselves, like the merchant guilds of the Hindus like Ainoorravar.
and ValanJlar . The name Anjuvannam found in some copper plates and inscriptions
of 12-13th century A.D. along with the names of other merchant guilds is considered