Kerala State Drug Formulary.pdf

Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid base disturbances
Colloids preserve a high colloid osmotic pressure in the blood, while,
on the other hand, this parameter is decreased by chrystalloids due to
haemodilution. However, there is still controversy to the actual difference
in efficacy by this difference. Another difference is that crystalloids generally
are much cheaper than colloids
The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution
of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is close to the
concentration in the blood (isotonic). Ringer’s lactate or Ringer’s acetate
is another isotonic solution often used for large-volume fluid replacement.
A solution of 5% dextrose in water, sometimes called D5W, is often used
instead if the patient is at risk for having low blood sugar or high sodium.
The choice of fluids may also depend on the chemical properties of the
medications being given.
Composition of Common Crystalloid Solutions
Solution Other Name [Na + ] [Cl - ] [Glucose] [Glucose]
(mmol/L) (mmol/L) (mmol/L) (mg/dl)
D5 5% 0 0 278 5000
Dextrose
2/3D & 3.3% 51 51 185 3333
1/3S Dextrose /
0.3% saline
Half-normal 0.45% NaCl 77 77 0 0
saline
Normal 0.9% NaCl 154 154 0 0
saline
Ringer’s Lactated 130 109 0 0
lactate Ringer
Ringer’s lactate also has 28 mmol/L lactate, 4 mmol/L K + and 3 mmol/
L Ca 2+ . Ringer’s acetate also has 28 mmol/L acetate, 4 mmol/L K + and 3
mmol/L Ca 2+ .
394