U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy - Joint Ocean Commission Initiative

Expanding Research and Education ...............................................................................314Understanding Behavior and Human Impacts ..............................................................314Effects of Noise on Marine Mammals ............................................................................315Public Education and Outreach ......................................................................................316Applying Ecosystem-based Management Principles ...........................................................316Domestic Action................................................................................................................316International Coordination..............................................................................................318CHAPTER 21PRESERVING CORAL REEFS AND OTHER CORAL COMMUNITIES.........320Assessing the Status of Coral Ecosystems.............................................................................320The Distribution of Coral Ecosystems ...........................................................................320The Value of Coral Ecosystems................................................................................321Threats to Coral Ecosystems ...........................................................................................322Managing U.S. Coral Resources......................................................................................323Federal Agency Roles and Responsibilities ..............................................................323Interagency and Intergovernmental Coral Reef Management Initiatives.................324Improving the Management of U.S. Coral Resources ..................................................325Promoting International Coral Reef Initiatives ....................................................................326Creating More Sustainable Harvesting Practices......................................................327Improving Understanding of Coral Ecosystems ..................................................................327CHAPTER 22SETTING A COURSE FOR SUSTAINABLE MARINE AQUACULTURE .......330Acknowledging the Growing Significance of Marine Aquaculture ................................330Addressing Environmental Impacts of Aquaculture.......................................................331Dealing with Uncertainties in the Existing Management Structure ..............................332Marine Aquaculture in Offshore Areas ....................................................................332The Current Regulatory Conundrum ......................................................................332Developing a New Marine Aquaculture Management Framework ...................................333Coordinated Action ..........................................................................................................333Implementation.................................................................................................................334Increasing the Knowledge Base ..............................................................................................335Promoting International Improvements and Cooperation .................................................336CHAPTER 23CONNECTING THE OCEANS AND HUMAN HEALTH .....................................338Understanding the Links between the Oceans and Human Health ..................................338Maximizing the Beneficial Uses of Marine-derived Bioproducts .......................................339Specific Applications ........................................................................................................340Encouraging Interdisciplinary Marine Biomedical Research ......................................341Managing Marine Bioproduct Discovery and Development ....................................343Reducing the Negative Health Impacts of Marine Microorganisms ..................................343Harmful Algal Blooms ......................................................................................................344Marine Bacteria and Viruses ............................................................................................346Contaminated Seafood .............................................................................................346Implications of Global Climate Change.........................................................................346Progress through Research and Technology Development..........................................347Increasing Federal Coordination on Oceans and Human Health......................................348Implementing Human Health Protections............................................................................348xxviA N O CEAN B LUEPRINT FOR THE 21ST C ENTURY