2009 Scenario Reliability Assessment - NERC

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Scenario Reliability Self-AssessmentsAuthority Area can rely on those multi-year reservoirs and on some other non-hydraulic sources,including fossil generation, allowing it to cope with inflow variations.Hydro-Québec Production’s hydro generating units can be classified into three categories: runof-riverunits, annual reservoir and multi-annual reservoir hydro generating units. Each categorycopes with low water inflows in a different way: Run-of-river units: relatively constant hydraulic restrictions from year to year.Annual reservoir hydro units: during a year with normal water inflows, these reservoirsare almost full at the beginning of the winter. If annual water inflow is low, hydraulicrestrictions increase.Multi-annual reservoir hydro units: the target level for multi-annual reservoirs isapproximately 50 to 60 percent full in order to compensate or store inflows duringperiods of below or above normal water inflows. Hydraulic restrictions increase during aperiod of low inflows.After a severe drought having a 2 percent probability of occurrence, the hydro generation on thesystem would suffer additional hydraulic restrictions of about 500 MW above the normalcondition restrictions. Stream flows, storage levels and snow cover are constantly monitoredallowing Hydro-Québec Production plan a margin to cope with drought periods.To assess its energy reliability, Hydro-Québec developed an energy criterion that states thatsufficient resources should be available to run through sequences of two or four years of lowinflows having a 2 percent probability of occurrence. Hydro-Québec must demonstrate its abilityto meet this criterion three times a year to the Québec Energy Board. 85To smooth out the effects of a low inflow cycle, different means are identified: reduction of the energy stock in reservoirs to a minimum of 10 TWh at the beginning ofMay. external non-firm energy sales reductions. production of thermal generating units during an extended period of time. purchases from neighboring areas.Other Region-Specific Issues that were not mentioned aboveHydro-Québec considers hydropower (small and large) as a renewable resource. The U.S.Department of Energy (DOE) in a number of publications has made several references tohydropower as a renewable resource:“Water is currently the leading renewable energy source used by electric utilities to generateelectric power. The major advantage is that water is a source of cheap power. In addition,because there is no fuel combustion, there is little air pollution in comparison with fossil fuelplants and limited thermal pollution compared with nuclear plants.” 8685 The last assessment can be found on the Québec Energy Board website:http://www.regie-energie.qc.ca/audiences/Suivis/Suivi-D-2008-133_Criteres/HQD_R-3648-2007_Annexes_Suivi_D2008-133_3juin09.pdf.86http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/hydroelec/hydroelec.html2009 Scenario Reliability Assessment Page 117
Scenario Reliability Self-Assessments“Hydropower relies on the water cycle, which is driven by the sun, thus it’s a renewable powersource.” 87“The DOE program conducts research to improve two renewable energy technologies:hydropower and wind energy.” 88“Competitive Electric Power from Renewable Energy About 10 percent of United States electricity comes from hydropower; More than 75 percent of the nation’s renewable energy is generated by hydropower.” 89“Hydropower is using water to power machinery or make electricity. Water constantly movesthrough a vast global cycle, evaporating from lakes and oceans, forming clouds, precipitating asrain or snow, and then flowing back down to the ocean. The energy of this water cycle, which isdriven by the sun, can be tapped to produce electricity. Hydropower uses a fuel – water – that isnot reduced or used up in the process. Because the water cycle is an endless, constantlyrecharging system, hydropower is considered a renewable energy.” 90“The 2002 United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development identified all hydro as arenewable source of energy to be supported by the international community.” 91Region DescriptionThe Québec area is winter peaking. The all-time internal peak demand was 37,230 MW set onJanuary 16, 2009. The summer peak demands are in the order of 21,000 MW. The installedcapacity in January 2009 was 41,689 MW, of which 38,953 MW (93.4 percent) washydroelectric capacity. There are more than 140 generating stations on the Québec electricalsystem.The transmission voltages on the Québec’s system are 735, 315, 230, 161 and 120 kV.Transmission line length totals about 33,060 km (20,540 miles).Québec electrical system is a separate Interconnection from the Eastern Interconnection intowhich other NPCC Areas are interconnected. TransÉnergie, the Transmission Owner andOperator in Québec, has interconnections with Ontario, New York, New England and theMaritimes. Interconnections consist of either HVdc ties or radial generation or load to and fromneighbouring systems.The population served is around 7 million and the Québec area covers about 1,668,000 km 2(643,848 square miles). Most of the population is grouped along the St-Lawrence River axis andthe largest load area is in the Southwest part of the province, mainly around the GreaterMontréal area.87 http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/hydro_ad.html88 http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/program_Areas.html89 http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/about.html90http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/hydro_how.html91 http://www.hydropower.org/downloads/F4%percent20Hydropower%percent20Making%percent20a%percent20Significant%percent20Contribution%percent20Worldwide.pdfPage 1182009 Scenario Reliability Assessment
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2009 Scenario ReliabilityAssessment
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Table of ContentsTable of ContentsN
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Executive SummaryTransmission Criti
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Background Information for this Rep
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Scenario Reliability Assessment Sum
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Scenario Reliability Assessment Sum
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Scenario Reliability Self-Assessmen
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Regional Reliability Scenario Self-
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About This Reporto Nuclear scenario
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Joint Coordinated System PlanThemat
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Joint Coordinated System Plan2009 S
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Scenario LetterScenario LetterDecem
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Scenario LetterIn an effort to add
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Scenario Letterd) Provide a table,
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Reliability Assessment Subcommittee
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Reliability Assessment Subcommittee
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the reliability of theto ensurebulk
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2009 Scenario Reliability Assessment - NERC

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