natural-products-in-plant-pest-management

Control of Virus Diseases of Plants 151challenge (Verma and Mukerji, 1975; Verma and Awasthi, 1979, 1980; Vermaet al., 1984; Verma et al., 1995a; Prasad et al., 1995; Verma et al., 1996). Suchplant products have been called systemic resistance inducers (SRIs).2. Basic proteins from plants that function by inactivating ribosomes of thehost and have been called RIPs (Barbieri et al., 1993, 2003; Van Damme et al.,2001).7.2 Systemic Resistance Inducers (SRIs)Induction of systemic resistance by plant extracts has been reviewed fromtime to time (Verma, 1985; Verma and Prasad, 1992; Verma et al., 1995a; Vermaet al., 1998). Physico-chemical characteristics of systemic resistance inducersfrom plants such as Boerhaavia diffusa (Verma and Awasthi, 1979, 1980; Srivastava,1995); Mirabilis jalapa (Verma and Kumar, 1980); Cuscuta reflexa(Awasthi, 1981); Clerodendrum aculeatum (Verma et al., 1984; Verma et al., 1996;Kumar et al., 1997; Srivastava et al., 2008); Bougainvillea spectabilis (Vermaet al., 1985; Verma and Dwivedi, 1984; Srivastava, 1995); Pseuderanthemumatropurpureum (Verma et al., 1985) have been studied in some detail (Table7.1).Induced resistance operates through the activation of natural defencemechanisms of the host plant. Extracts from brinjal (Verma and Mukherjee,1975) and a few other higher plants such as Boerhaavia diffusa (Verma et al.,1979), Bougainvillea (Verma and Dwivedi, 1984), Clerodendrum (Vermaet al., 1996; Kumar et al., 1997) and Datura (Verma et al., 1982) induce systemicresistance to viral multiplication in plants. The active products present in theseTable 7.1. Characteristics of systemic resistance inducers obtained from some higher plants.CharacteristicsSRI-yielding plantsBD CA/CI BS PA CR MJSource Root Leaf Leaf Leaf Leaf LeafThermal inactivation 80 90 80 0 70 90points (°C )Nature Glyco-protein Basic Protein Protein 0 Protein ProteinMolecular weight 30 34/29 and 34 28 0 14–18 24(kDa)Active against TMV TMV TMV TMV TMV TMVSHRV SHRV SHRV SHRV SHRV SHRVGMV GMV CGMMV CGMMV GMV PVYPLRV TmYMVBD = Boerhaavia diffusa; CA = Clerodendrum aculeatum; CI = C. inerme; BS = Bougainvillea spectabilis;PA = Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum; CR = Cuscuta refl exa; MJ = Mirabilis jalapa. TMV = Tobaccomosaic virus; SHRV = Sunnhemp rosette virus; GMV = Gomphrena mosaic virus; TRSV = TobaccoRingspot virus; TmYMV = Tomato Yellow Mosaic virus; CGMMV = Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus;PVY = Potato virus Y; PLRV = Papaya leaf reduction virus.