natural-products-in-plant-pest-management

Index 291enzymes, proteinase inhibitors,lectins and PR proteins115–119green consumerization 119–125proteinaeous compounds 111–112proteinic inducers of plantresistance 119–125plant productsantimicrobial activity studies anddemonstrated 23disc diffusion test 23as pesticides, current worldwideuse 5–10use in active packaging 35–37plant species and insecticidalproperties 176plant–insect relationships 134–135a ‘food’–‘consumer’ relationship135plantsisolation and identification 96–106problems in managing protection109–110serious efforts to screen forbiological activities 92under exploited for plant healthneeds 106use of bioactivity-directedfractionation and isolation(BDFI) 96with antibacterial properties 69–71Hedera helis extract and fireblight on pome fruits70–71large-scale screeningprogrammes 69testing of in vitro growthinhibition of E.amylovora 69–70with antifungal properties 62–69active secondary leaf extractmetabolites 62antifungal potential 64antimicrobial activity 65antimicrobial efficacy of plantextracts 68–69effective control of grapedowny mildew 63–64significant inhibition ofspore germination64effects of some essential oilsagainst R. solani 67evaluation of potential of plantextracts to be applied inIPM programmes 68exploiting indigenousknowledge of medicinalplants 64grapefruit extract extract usedto control Phytophthoraspp. 64–5inhibitionof mycelial growth ofC. cladosporioides 62of spore germination ofsome fungi byAjoene 62investigation of phenolcomposition of twocarnation cultivars 65methanol extract of C. emoryi62natural plant extracts andsoil-borne pathogens65–6neem tree extracts 66plant seeds 67–68saponins 63South African plants withfungitoxic properties 63PR proteins 118–119, 159–160precocenes 12, 12proteinic inducers of plant resistance119–125Chitozars 120cold shock protein (CspD) 120–122harpins 120induction of plant resistance topathogens 119active defence mechanismsinitiated 119general and proteinaceouselicitors 119MF3 protein 122–125MF3 integration with chitosan124MF3 polypeptide chain 123peptidyl-prolyl cis/transisomerases (PPIases)122plant FKBPs 122