natural-products-in-plant-pest-management

194 D.B. Olufolajiused neem cake for nematode control (Ahmed and Stoll, 1996). These farmersbuy neem cake in the market because they find no synthetic pesticides tobe as equally potent, cheap and readily available. One of the few reportedcases of the use of the botanical pesticidal materials for pest management inNigeria is the application of chilli pepper (Capsicum spp.) and tobacco (Nicotianatabacum) leaf extracts by some farmers in the south western states ofNigeria (Nworgu, 2006), and the use of Chromolaena odorata to solve somepest and disease problems e.g. anthracnose of soybean caused by Colletotrichumtruncatum has also been reported (Ajayi and Olufolaji, 2007). There aremany other plants (Eichhornia crassipes, Vernonia amygdalina, Piper guineense,etc.) used by farmers as botanical pesticides for various pests and diseases,even in their crude form, and they have been found to be very effective (Olufolaji,1999a, 2006, 2008; Ajayi and Olufolaji, 2007). Those farmers haveadopted the use of botanicals in the control of pests and diseases on theircrops due to desperation for survival, and since they are dependent on anagrarian economy, they evolved various method of formulating and usingthe botanicals without sourcing the orthodox expertise and technicalities thatare either not within their reach or expensive to adopt.Table 9.2. Some bioactive plants reported for the control of agricultural pests.Pests Bioactive plants ReferencesMaize weevil Neem seed Ivbijaro, 1983Sitophilus orazae (L.) Eugenia aromatica Lale, 1992, 1994;Aranilewa et al., 2002Callosobruchus maculatus Piper guineenseOlaifa and Erhum,1988Dysdercus superstittiosusOotheca mutabilisRiptortus dentipesCallosobruchus maculatusCallosobruchus maculatusAcrae epomiaDysdercus superstittiosusOotheca mutabilisRiptortus dentipeGrasshopper(Zonocerus variegates)Acrae epomiaSeveral plantsMonodora tenuifoliaZanthoxylum zanthoxyloideAzadirachta indicaOfuya and Dawodu, 2002Adedire and Lajide, 1999Adedire et al., 2003Ogunwolu and Idowu, 1994Lale and Abdulrahman, 1999Lippia adoensis Olaifa et al., 1987Clausena anisataAzadirachta indicaPiper guineenseAzadirachta indicaAzadirachta indicaOkunade and Olaifa, 1987Olaifa and Akingbohungbe,1987aOlaifa and Adenuga,1988a,bOlaifa et al., 1991aTetrapteura tetraptera Azadirachta indica Olaifa et al., 1991bField pests of cowpea, maize, Tephrosia vogelli Adebayo, et al., 2007sorghum, cassava, bananaSource: Olaifa, 2009.