natural-products-in-plant-pest-management

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Natural Products as Alternatives to Synthetic Pesticides 209Table 10.1. Continued.Species Products Target pathogens ReferencesFungiSaccharomycescerevisiaeMeyer ex HansenStrobilurustenacellusOudemansiellamucidaPlantsCassia tora L.(also known asCassia obtusifolia L.)The two activeingredients arefound in virtually allliving organisms andin their pure formSimmondsiacalifornica Nutt. andS. chinensis Link.Laminariadigitata (Hudson)Fenpiclonil andFludioxonil(Phenylpyrrolesderivates toenhancedphotostability)Fungus-derivedproductsYeast extracthydrolysateStrobilurin AOudemansin AFrom which syntheticstrobilurins such asazoxystrobin andkresoxim-methylhave beendevelopedPlant-derivedproductsCinnamaldehydeL-glutamic acid andγ-aminobutyricacid (Auxien hasregistered thecombination productcontaining bothactive indredients)Fusarium graminearumSchwabeGerlachia nivalisGams & MüllBotrytis spp.Monilinia spp.Sclerotinia spp.niResistance tostrobilurins hasalready evolvedVerticillium spp.Rhizoctonia spp.Pythium spp.Sclerotinia homeocarpaBennettFusarium moniliformevar. subglutinansWollenw. & ReinkingPowdery mildewCopping andDuke, 2007Ishii et al.,2001;Balba, 2007Copping andDuke, 2007Copping andDuke, 2007Jojoba oil Powdery mildew Copping andDuke, 2007LaminarineFungal pathogens ofcereals, particularlyseptoria and powderymildewsCopping andDuke, 2007Continued
210 M. PorrasTable 10.1. Continued.Species Products Target pathogens ReferencesReynoutriasachalinensis(Fr. Schm.) NakaiMacleayacordataR. Br.Rosmarinusoffi cinalisThymusvulgarisAzadirachtaindicaGossypiumhirsutum andAllium sativumExtract of giantknotweedPink plume poppyextractBotrytis spp.Powdery mildewsXanthomonas spp.The target pathogensare those causingfoliar fungal diseases,such as powderymildew, alternarialeaf spotand septoria leaf spotCopping andDuke, 2007Copping andDuke, 2007Rosemary oil ni Dayan et al.,2009Thyme oil ni Dayan et al.,2009Clarifi edniDayan et al.,hydrophobic2009extract ofneem oilCottonseed oil withgarlic extractniDayan et al.,2009AnimalsAnimal-derivedproductsCow Milk Powdery mildews Copping andDuke, 2007Dried, crushedcrustaceanexoskeletonsPoly-D-glucosamineor chitosanPowdery mildewsBotrytis spp.Copping andDuke, 2007ni, information not provided in reference.microbial community on and around the plant and the physical environment(Handelsman and Stabb, 1996). Relevant biocontrol microorganisms of therhizosphere include Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., Trichodermaspp., and non-pathogenic Fusarium spp. (Cook, 1993; Paulitz andBelanger, 2001; Whipps, 2001). Different species of Trichoderma are studiedprimarily for their ability to control plant disease through antagonism, rhizospherecompetence, enzyme production, induction of defence responses inplants, metabolism of germination stimulants, and beneficial growth of thehost following root colonization (Weindling, 1934; Zimand et al., 1996; Baileyand Lumsden, 1998; Howell, 2003; Porras et al., 2007a,b). Determination ofthese effects depends on many interactions that take place in the soil amongTrichoderma spp., other microorganisms, the plant root, and the soil environment(Bailey and Lumsden, 1998).
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NATURAL PRODUCTS IN PLANT PESTMANAG
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CABI is a trading name of CAB Inter
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viContents7. Potency of Plant Produ
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viiiContributorsJ.C. Pretorius, Dep
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xPrefaceantimicrobials owing to var
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1 Global Scenario on theApplication
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Global Scenario and Natural Product
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2 Plant Products in the Control ofM
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Control of Mycotoxins and Mycotoxig
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Natural Products from Plants 43an e
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Natural Products from Plants 45a pl
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Natural Products from Plants 47Chry
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Natural Products from Plants 493.3
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Natural Products from Plants 51Trit
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Natural Products from Plants 53Tetr
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Natural Products from Plants 55Phen
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Natural Products from Plants 57of c
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Natural Products from Plants 59inhi
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HOCH 2Compound 3Natural Products fr
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Natural Products from Plants 63iden
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Natural Products from Plants 65in a
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Natural Products from Plants 67in p
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Natural Products from Plants 69fung
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Natural Products from Plants 71arti
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Natural Products from Plants 73agen
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Natural Products from Plants 75in t
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Natural Products from Plants 77In a
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Natural Products from Plants 79( Te
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Natural Products from Plants 81OHOH
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Natural Products from Plants 83Band
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Natural Products from Plants 85Ferr
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Natural Products from Plants 87McFa
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Natural Products from Plants 89Rodr
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4 Antimicrobials of Plant Originto
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Antimicrobials to Prevent Biodeteri
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5 Some Natural Proteinaceousand Pol
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Proteinaceous and Polyketide Compou
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Allelochemicals in Pest Management
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7 Potency of Plant Productsin Contr
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Control of Virus Diseases of Plants
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Page 172 and 173: Control of Virus Diseases of Plants
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Page 232 and 233: Fungal Endophytes 219The observatio
Page 234 and 235: Fungal Endophytes 22111.2 Diversity
Page 236 and 237: Fungal Endophytes 223tumbling rocks
Page 238 and 239: Fungal Endophytes 225of a given fun
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Page 242 and 243: Fungal Endophytes 229isolates in ma
Page 244 and 245: Fungal Endophytes 231(Kharwar et al
Page 246 and 247: Fungal Endophytes 233virulent plant
Page 248 and 249: Fungal Endophytes 235isolated some
Page 250 and 251: Fungal Endophytes 237Atmosukarto, I
Page 252 and 253: Fungal Endophytes 239Lee, J.C., Yan
Page 254 and 255: Fungal Endophytes 241Strobel, G.A.,
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Suppressive Effects of Compost Tea
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Suppressive Effects of Compost Tea
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13 Biotechnology: a Tool forNatural
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Biotechnology and Natural Product S
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282 Indexantibiotics continuedmodif
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284 Indexcompost tea continuedmicro
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286 Indexessential oils continuedim
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288 Indexmicrobial population, comp
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290 Indexnuts 35controlling aflatox
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292 Indexproteinic inducers of plan
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