Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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Damm et al.Fig. 26. Colletotrichum rhombiforme (from ex-holotype strain CBS 129953). A–B. Conidiomata. C–H. Conidiophores. I–M. Appressoria. N–O. Conidia. P. Ascomata. Q. Peridiumin cross section. R. Outer surface of peridium. S. Ascospores. T. Paraphyses. U–W, Y. Asci. X. Apical region of ascus. A, C–E, N, P–Y. from Anthriscus stem. B, F–M, O. fromSNA. A–B. DM, C–Y. DIC, Scale bars: A = 200 µm, B, P = 100 µm, C, Q = 10 µm. Scale bar of C applies to C–O. Scale bar of Q applies to Q–Y.96
The Colletotrichum acutatum species complexto iron grey, growth rate 19–21 mm in 7 d (29–32.5 mm in 10 d).Conidia in mass whitish to pale salmon.Material examined: Portugal, Mirandela, Torre de D. Chama, from anthracnose onfruit of Olea europaea, Dec. 2003, P. Talhinhas (CBS H-20724 holotype, cultureex-type CBS 129953 = PT250). USA, Washington, Long Beach, from Vacciniummacrocarpon, 1993, Carris, culture CBS 131322 = DAOM 233523.Notes: Talhinhas et al. (2005, 2009, 2011) found a diverse range ofC. acutatum isolates from olive fruit with anthracnose symptoms inPortugal. One of these strains, PT250 (=CBS 129953) was foundto be significantly divergent from other groups within C. acutatumbased on ITS and beta-tubulin sequences, and was placed in thenew clade A6. Talhinhas’s olive strain here forms the type of C.rhombiforme. A second strain that we identified as C. rhombiformeand included here was isolated from Vaccinium macrocarpon(American cranberry) in the USA, and was studied by Robideauet al. (2008). Further representatives of this clade are likely to besome of those isolated from Rhododendron in Sweden and Latvia(strains S2, L3, L4, L5, L6) by Vinnere et al. (2002) that werereported to belong to clade A6 by Sreenivasaprasad & Talhinhas(2005) based on ITS sequencing. Since ITS does not distinguishbetween all species, sequences of additional genes would benecessary to confirm this placement.A variety of Glomerella rufomaculans, Ga. rufomaculans var.vaccinii Shear was described from leaves of Vaccinium macrocarponin New Jersey, USA with conidia and ascospores that agree insize with C. rhombiforme. Its conidia were described as oblongcylindric,subclavate, sometimes slightly curved (Shear 1907).The variety was wrongly listed as Ga. fructigena var. vaccinii inSylloge Fungorum (Saccardo & Trotter 1913); MycoBank and IndexFungorum list this taxon as separate species, Ga. rufomaculansvacciniiShear, MycoBank also as Ga. rufomaculansvaccinii(orthographic variant) and additionally as Ga. fructigena var.vaccinii. However a strain (CBS 124.22) deposited 1922 in the CBScollection by L.C. Shear as Ga. rufomaculans var. vaccinii is lackinghost information and belongs to the C. gloeosporioides complex(Weir et al. 2012, this issue).Colletotrichum rhombiforme is closely related to C. acerbum, C.australe, C. kinghornii and C. phormii, which together form a sisterclade to C. salicis. In this study, only strains of C. rhombiforme andC. salicis formed sexual morphs in culture. The ascospores of thetwo species have the same size, but differ in shape. Additionally,conidia of C. salicis formed on SNA are smaller than those of C.rhombiforme, and conidia of C. rhombiforme formed on Anthriscusstem are sometimes ellipsoidal or limoniform while those of C.salicis are uniformly cylindrical.Colletotrichum rhombiforme is separated from other species byall sequences studied except the CHS-1 sequence, which is thesame as that of C. acerbum. It can best be identified with TUB2and ITS. The closest match in a blastn search with the TUB2sequence of CBS 129953 with 100 % identity was AJ748624,the sequence generated from the same isolate by Talhinhas etal. (2005), all other isolates showed ≤ 97 % sequence identity.With the GAPDH sequence there was no closer match than 88% identity. Closest matches with the ITS sequence (with 100 %identity) were AJ749700 from isolate PT250 (= CBS 129953)(Talhinhas et al. 2005), AF411704, AF411706, AF411707 andAF411719 from Rhododendron isolates L3, L5, L6, S2 from Latviaand Sweden (Vinnere et al. 2002) and with 99 % identity (1 bpdifference) AF411705 from Rhododendron isolate L4 (Vinnere etal. 2002) and EF672241 from Vaccinium isolate DAOM 233253 (=CBS 131322, the other isolate of C. rhombiforme included in thisstudy) (Robideau et al. 2008).Colletotrichum salicis (Fuckel) Damm, P.F. Cannon &Crous, comb. nov. MycoBank MB800518. Fig. 27.Basionym: Sphaeria salicis Fuckel, Jahrb. nass. Ver. Naturk. 23–24: 115. 1870.≡ Sphaeria salicis Auersw., in Fuckel, Fungi Rhen. no. 913, in sched.1864, nom. nud.≡ Physalospora salicis (Fuckel) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 1: 439. 1882.≡ Physosporella salicis (Fuckel) Höhn., Annls mycol. 16: 58. 1918.≡ Anisostomula salicis (Fuckel) Petr., Hedwigia 65: 198. 1925.≡ Plectosphaera salicis (Fuckel) Arx & E. Müll., Beitr. Kryptfl. Schweiz 11(no. 1): 204. 1954.≡ Glomerella salicis (Fuckel) L. Holm, in Holm & Ryman, Thunbergia 30:6. 2000.= Phyllachora amenti Rostr., Skr. Christiana Vidensk.-Selsk. Forhandl. 9: 5.1891.≡ Haplothecium amenti (Rostr.) Theiss. & Syd., Annls Mycol. 13: 615.1915.≡ Glomerella amenti (Rostr.) Arx & E. Müll., Beitr. Kryptfl. Schweiz 11 (no.1): 197. 1954.= Glomerella lycopersici F. Krüger, Arbeiten Kaiserl. Biol. Anst. Land- Forstw.9: 308. 1913.≡ Gloeosporium lycopersici F. Krüger, Arbeiten Kaiserl. Biol. Anst. Land-Forstw. 9: 308. 1913.≡ Colletotrichum kruegerianum Vassiljevsky, Fungi Imperfecti Parasitici 2:321. 1950 [non C. lycopersici Chester 1891].= Physalospora miyabeana Fukushi, Annls phytopath. Soc. Japan 1 (no. 4):7. 1921.≡ Glomerella miyabeana (Fukushi) Arx, Phytopath. Z. 29: 448. 1957.Sexual morph developed on Anthriscus stem. Ascomata globoseto pyriform, ostiolate, medium brown, darker towards the ostiole,150–200 × 185–250 µm. Peridium 10–15 µm thick, composedof pale to medium brown flattened angular cells 5–15 µm diam.Ascogenous hyphae hyaline, smooth-walled, delicate. Interascaltissue composed of paraphyses, hyaline, septate, 30–80 × 2–3.5µm, widest part at the base, tips round. Asci cylindrical, 55–88× 8–12 µm, 8-spored. Ascospores arranged uni- to biseriately,aseptate, hyaline, smooth-walled, ovoid, fusiform, cigar-shapedor cylindrical, one end acute and one end obtuse or both endsobtuse, sometimes very slightly curved, (12.5–)13–15(–17) ×(4.5–)5–6(–6.5) µm, mean ± SD = 14.1 ± 1.1 × 5.4 ± 0.5 µm,L/W ratio = 2.6.Asexual morph on SNA. Vegetative hyphae 1–8 µm diam,hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, septate, branched.Chlamydospores not observed. Conidiomata absent,conidiophores formed directly on hyphae. Setae not observed.Conidiophores hyaline, smooth-walled, simple or septateand branched. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth-walled,cylindrical to elongate ampulliform, sometimes intercalary (necksnot separated from hyphae by a septum), 5–20 × 2–3.5 µm,opening 1–1.5 µm diam, collarette 0.5–1 µm long, periclinalthickening visible. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate,straight, cylindrical to clavate with one end round and one end ±acute to truncate, (8.5–)10.5–15.5(–19.5) × (3.5–)3–4.5(–5) µm,mean ± SD = 13.0 ± 2.4 × 4.0 ± 0.5 µm, L/W ratio = 3.2, conidiaof strains CBS 115.14 and CBS 465.83 narrower, measuring (9–)10.5–15(–17) × 2.5–3.5(–4) µm, mean ± SD = 12.7 ± 2.3 × 3.1± 0.5 µm, L/W ratio = 4.1 and (7.5–)9.5–15.5(–22) × 3–3.5(–4.5)µm, mean ± SD = 12.4 ± 3.1 × 3.3 ± 0.4 µm, L/W ratio = 3.8.Appressoria single or in small groups, medium brown, outlinemostly clavate, elliptical or ovate, the edge entire or undulate,rarely lobate, (6–)8–15(–19.5) × (5–)6.5–8.5(–9.5) µm, mean ±SD = 11.5 ± 3.5 × 7.6 ± 1.0 µm, L/W ratio = 1.5.www.studiesinmycology.org97
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Studies in Mycology 73 (September 2
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Colletotrichum: complex species or
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Damm et al.Table 1. Strains of Coll
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Damm et al.Table 1. (Continued).Gen
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Damm et al.combined sequence datase
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Damm et al.Fig. 2. Colletotrichum a
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The Colletotrichum boninense specie
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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The Colletotrichum acutatum species
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Weir et al.Fig. 18. Glomerella cing
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Weir et al.images under C. fructico
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Weir et al.Specimen examined: Thail
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Weir et al.Fig. 23. Colletotrichum
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Weir et al.Notes: First described f
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Weir et al.gossypii var. cephalospo
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Weir et al.to utilise either citrat
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Weir et al.(ex-epitype culture CBS
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Weir et al.of this species to C. ps
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Weir et al.Table 4. Performance of
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Weir et al.Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpe
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Weir et al.Simmonds JH (1968). Type
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Cannon et al.182
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Cannon et al.In rare instances, Col
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Cannon et al.Table 1. Summary of pr
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Cannon et al.Table 1. (Continued).P
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Cannon et al.Table 2. Colletotrichu
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Cannon et al.as did those for Colle
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Cannon et al.Table 3. Authentic seq
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Cannon et al.Table 3. (Continued).S
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Cannon et al.110.74 C. cuscutae IMI
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Cannon et al.Boninense cladeThe bon
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Cannon et al.C. lindemuthianum AB08
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Cannon et al.A further important ac
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Cannon et al.Hawksworth DL (2011).
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Cannon et al.Rodríguez-Guerra R, R
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Studies in MycologyStudies in Mycol
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CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 11:Taxon
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
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