Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Weir et al.G. c.“f.sp. camelliae”C. xanthorrhoeaeC. tropicaleC. tiC. theobromicolaC. siamenseC. salsaloeC. queenslandicumCulture size at10daysC. nupharicolaC. musaeC. kahawae ssp. kahawaeC. kahawae ssp. ciggaroC. gloeosporioidesC. fructicolaC. cordylinicolaC. clidemiaeC. asianumC. aotearoaC. alienumC. alataeC. aeschynomeneC. aenigma806040diameter (mm)Fig. 9. A box plot of the diameter of cultures grown on PDA agar at 18 °C for 10 d. The dashed line shows the mean culture size (61.56 mm) across the species complex (n =719). Note that the data is skewed by some fast growing cultures that reached the agar plate diam (85 mm) in under 10 d.20134
The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex* Colletotrichum aenigma B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., sp. nov.MycoBank MB563759. Fig. 10.Etymology: from the Latin aenigma, based on the enigmaticbiological and geographic distribution of this species.Holotype: Israel, on Persea americana, coll. S. Freeman Avo-37-4B, PDD 102233; ex-holotype culture ICMP 18608.Colonies grown from single conidia on Difco PDA 30–35 mmdiam after 10 d. Aerial mycelium sparse, cottony, white, surfaceof agar uniformly pale orange (7A5) towards centre, moreor less colourless towards edge, conidia not associated withwell differentiated acervuli and no masses of conidial ooze. Inreverse pale orange towards centre. Conidiogenous cells arisinghaphazardly from dense, tangled hyphae across agar surface,short-cylindric with a poorly differentiated conidiogenous locus.Conidia often germinating soon after release, sometimes formingappressoria, so forming a thin, compact, layer of germinated,septate conidia, germ tubes, and appressoria across the centralpart of the colony surface. Conidia (12–)14–15(–16.5) × (5–)6–6.5(–7.5) µm (av. 14.5 × 6.1 µm, n = 53), cylindric with broadlyrounded ends. Appressoria 6–10 µm diam, subglobose or with afew broad lobes.Geographic distribution and host range: known from only twocollections, one from Pyrus pyrifolia from Japan, the other fromPersea americana from Israel.Genetic identification: ITS sequences are insufficient to separate C.aenigma from C. alienum and some C. siamense isolates. Thesetaxa are best distinguished using TUB2 or GS.Notes: Although the biology of this species is more or less unknown,it has been found in two widely separate regions and is, therefore,likely to be found to be geographically widespread in the future.Genetically distinct within the Musae clade, this species has adistinctive appearance in culture with sparse, pale aerial myceliumand lacking differentiated acervuli.Other specimen examined: Japan, on Pyrus pyrifolia, coll. H. Ishii Nashi-10 (ICMP18686).* Colletotrichum aeschynomenes B. Weir & P.R. Johnst.,sp. nov. MycoBank MB563590. Fig. 11.= C. gloeosporioides “f. sp. aeschynomenes” (Daniel et al. 1973, asaeschynomene).Etymology: Based on C. gloeosporioides “f. sp. aeschynomenes”,referring to the host from which this species was originallydescribed.Holotype: USA, Arkansas, on Aeschynomene virginica stem lesion,coll. D. TeBeest 3-1-3, PDD 101995; ex-type culture ICMP 17673= ATCC 201874.Colonies grown from single conidia on Difco PDA 25–35 mm diamafter 10 d, aerial mycelium sparse, cottony, white, surface of colonywith numerous acervuli, some with dark bases, with orange conidialooze; in reverse more or less colourless apart from the darkacervuli and orange conidial masses showing through the agar.Conidia (14–)17–18.5(–20) × 4(–5) µm (av. 17.6 × 4.1 µm, n =30), cylindric, straight, tapering slightly near both ends. Appressoriamostly elliptic to subfusoid, deeply lobed. Perithecia not seen.Geographic distribution and host range: Reported only from USA,pathogenic to Aeschynomeme.Genetic identification: ITS sequences do not distinguishC. aeschynomenes from C. fructicola. These taxa are bestdistinguished using TUB2, GAPDH, or GS.Notes: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. aeschynomenes”has been used to refer to isolates pathogenic to Aeschynomenevirginica, later developed as the weed biocontrol agent Collego(references in Ditmore et al. 2008). It has also been reported froma range of other hosts (TeBeest 1988). Our analyses, based on asingle, authentic strain of C. gloeosporioides “f. sp. aeschynomenes”(TeBeest 3.1.3, apparently the source of the single spore isolateoriginally used in the development of Collego, Ditmore et al. (2008))show it to be genetically distinct within the Musae clade of the C.gloeosporioides complex. Genetically close to the geographicallyand biologically diverse C. siamense, it differs morphologically fromthis species in having slightly longer and narrower conidia whichtaper slightly toward the ends, and in having larger, strongly lobedappressoria.An isolate deposited as C. gloeosporioides f. sp.aeschynomenes in CBS (CBS 796.72) by G.E. Templeton, one ofthe early C. gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomenes researchers(Daniel et al. 1973), is genetically distinct to TeBeest 3.1.3 and hasbeen identified by Damm et al. (2012a, this issue) as C. godetiae, amember of the C. acutatum complex. The strain that we examined(Te Beest 3.1.3) matches genetically another strain often citedin the C. gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomenes literature (Clar-5a = ATCC 96723) (GenBank JX131331). It is possible that twodistinct species, both highly pathogenic to Aeschynomene inArkansas, have been confused. A survey of additional isolates ofColletotrichum highly virulent to Aeschynomene in Arkansas wouldclarify the interpretation of the past literature on this pathogen. Forexample, C. gloeosporioides “f. sp. aeschynomenes” was initiallyreported as specific to Aeschynomene virginica (Daniel et al.1973), while later studies reported isolates putatively of the sametaxon, to have a wider host range (TeBeest 1988).Cisar et al. (1994) reported fertile ascospores fromcrosses between isolates identified as C. gloeosporioides “f.sp. aeschynomenes” and isolates of C. gloeosporioides “f. sp.jussiaeae”, a pathogen of Jussiaea decurrens. The position ofC. gloeosporioides “f. sp. jussiaeae” within our phylogeny is notknown, but these taxa could prove useful for better understandingof the biological differences between phylogenetically definedspecies of Colletotrichum.Specimen examined: USA, Arkansas, on Aeschynomene virginica stem lesion, coll.D. TeBeest 3.1.3 (ICMP 17673 = ATCC 201874).* Colletotrichum alatae B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., sp. nov.MycoBank MB563747. Fig. 12.= Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. alatae” R.D. Singh, Prasad & R.L. Mathur,Indian Phytopathol. 19: 69. 1966. [nom. inval., no Latin description, no typedesignated].Etymology: Based on the invalid name C. gloeosporioides “f. alatae”(Singh et al. 1966), referring to Dioscorea alata, the scientific namefor yam.www.studiesinmycology.org135
Page 1:
Studies in Mycology 73 (September 2
Page 5 and 6:
Colletotrichum: complex species or
Page 10 and 11:
Damm et al.Table 1. Strains of Coll
Page 12 and 13:
Damm et al.Table 1. (Continued).Gen
Page 14 and 15:
Damm et al.combined sequence datase
Page 16 and 17:
Damm et al.Fig. 2. Colletotrichum a
Page 19 and 20:
The Colletotrichum boninense specie
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
available online at www.studiesinmy
Page 47 and 48:
The Colletotrichum acutatum species
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91: The Colletotrichum acutatum species
Page 94 and 95: Damm et al.µm diam. Setae not obse
Page 96 and 97: Damm et al.Table 2. Conidia measure
Page 98 and 99: Damm et al.Table 2. (Continued).Spe
Page 100 and 101: Damm et al.Table 3. Appressoria mea
Page 102 and 103: Damm et al.Fig. 25. Colletotrichum
Page 114 and 115: Damm et al.to olivaceous grey, filt
Page 116 and 117: Damm et al.are formed directly from
Page 118 and 119: Damm et al.Arx JA von (1957). Die A
Page 120 and 121: Damm et al.Masaba DM, Waller JM (19
Page 122 and 123: 114
Page 124 and 125: Weir et al.grass-inhabiting species
Page 126 and 127: Weir et al.Table 1. A list of strai
Page 128 and 129: Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
Page 130 and 131: Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
Page 132 and 133: Weir et al.Table 2. Primers used in
Page 134 and 135: Weir et al.11ICMP 17789 Malus USA1I
Page 136 and 137: Weir et al.Kahawae cladeC. alataeC.
Page 138 and 139: Weir et al.A0.991ICMP 17905 Coffea
Page 140 and 141: Weir et al.Conidial width variation
Page 144 and 145: Weir et al.Fig. 10. Colletotrichum
Page 154 and 155: Weir et al.Fig. 18. Glomerella cing
Page 156 and 157: Weir et al.images under C. fructico
Page 158 and 159: Weir et al.Specimen examined: Thail
Page 162 and 163: Weir et al.Notes: First described f
Page 164 and 165: Weir et al.gossypii var. cephalospo
Page 166 and 167: Weir et al.to utilise either citrat
Page 170 and 171: Weir et al.(ex-epitype culture CBS
Page 172 and 173: Weir et al.of this species to C. ps
Page 184 and 185: Weir et al.Table 4. Performance of
Page 186 and 187: Weir et al.Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpe
Page 188 and 189: Weir et al.Simmonds JH (1968). Type
Page 190 and 191: Cannon et al.182
Page 192 and 193:
Cannon et al.In rare instances, Col
Page 194 and 195:
Cannon et al.Table 1. Summary of pr
Page 196 and 197:
Cannon et al.Table 1. (Continued).P
Page 198 and 199:
Cannon et al.Table 2. Colletotrichu
Page 200 and 201:
Cannon et al.as did those for Colle
Page 202 and 203:
Cannon et al.Table 3. Authentic seq
Page 204 and 205:
Cannon et al.Table 3. (Continued).S
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Cannon et al.110.74 C. cuscutae IMI
Page 212 and 213:
Cannon et al.Boninense cladeThe bon
Page 214 and 215:
Cannon et al.C. lindemuthianum AB08
Page 216 and 217:
Cannon et al.A further important ac
Page 218 and 219:
Cannon et al.Hawksworth DL (2011).
Page 220 and 221:
Cannon et al.Rodríguez-Guerra R, R
Page 223 and 224:
Studies in MycologyStudies in Mycol
Page 225 and 226:
CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 11:Taxon
Page 227:
Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
show all

Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?