Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Weir et al.Notes: First described from cucumber, this fungus is widelyregarded as a synonym of C. orbiculare in the plant pathologyliterature (e.g. Snowdon 1991, da Silva et al. 2011).Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. cuscutae” (Zhang1985).Notes: A strain identified by this name was developed as amycoherbicide against dodder (Cuscuta chinensis in China (Zhang1985). This strain referred to as “Lu Bao No.1” is apparentlyincluded in the study of Guerber et al. (2003) as strain 783 andbelongs to the C. acutatum species complex. Other strains fromdodder in the USA included in the same study were revealed to beC. fioriniae, while a strain from Dominica was found to represent anew species, both belonging to the C. acutatum species complexas well (Damm et al. 2012, this issue).Colletotrichum gloeosporioides var. gomphrenae Perera,Revista Fac. Agron. Univ. Nac. La Plata 41: 12. 1965.Notes: Originally described from Gomphrena globosa, the name hasnot been used since it was described and its genetic relationshipto and within the C. gloeosporioides species complex is unknown.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides var. hederae Pass., AttiReale Accad. Italia, Rendiconti., Serie 4, 6: 469. 1889.Notes: The original description of this Hedera-inhabiting species,with fusiform, straight to curved conidia suggests that it is asynonym of the Hedera pathogen C. trichellum.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. heveae (Petch) Saccas,Agron. Trop. (Nogent-sur-Marne) 14: 430. 1959.Basionym: Colletotrichum heveae Petch, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.Peradeniya 3(1): 8. 1906.Notes: Originally described from the leaves of seedlings of Heveabrasiliensis from Sri Lanka, this fungus was described with verybroad conidia, 18–24 × 7.5–8 µm. Carpenter & Stevenson (1954)considered this, and several other Colletotrichum, Gloeosporiumand Glomerella species described from rubber, to be synonyms ofC. gloeosporioides. The genetic relationship of these species toand within the C. gloeosporioides species complex is unknown. Seealso notes in Damm et al. (2012b, this issue) under Colletotrichumannelatum.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. hyperici” (Harris1993).Notes: This name was first used by Harris (1993) for strains ofC. gloeosporioides pathogenic to Hypericum perforatum. Earlierstudies by Hildebrand & Jensen (1991) had found the Hypericumpathogen to be pathogenic also on several other plants. Thegenetic relationship of the Hypericum pathogen to and within theC. gloeosporioides species complex is unknown. Note that the exholotypeculture of G. cingulata var. migrans, a variety here placedin synonymy with C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro, was also isolatedfrom Hypericum.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. jussiaeae” (Boyetteet al. 1979).Notes: Strains identified as C. gloeosporioides “f. sp. jussiaeae” arehighly pathogenic, specialised pathogens of Jussiaea decurrens(Boyette et al. 1979). The genetic relationship of this taxon to andwithin the C. gloeosporioides species complex, or to Colletotrichumjussiaeae Earle, is unknown. Isolates pathogenic to Jussiaea havea similar conidial germination self-inhibitor profile to another isolateidentified as C. fragariae (Tsurushima et al. 1995). The authenticisolate of C. gloeosporioides “f. sp. jussiaeae” deposited as ATCC52634, is not included in this study.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. malvae” (Makowski& Mortensen 1989).Notes: Strains identified as C. gloeosporioides “f. sp. malvae” wereregistered as a bioherbicide against round leafed mallow in Canada(Makowski & Mortensen 1989). The fungus was subsequentlyrecognised as belonging to the C. orbiculare species complex(Bailey et al. 1996).Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. manihotis”(Chevaugeon 1956).Notes: See Colletotrichum manihotis.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. melongenae Fournet,Ann. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Genova 5: 13. 1973.Notes: In addition to C. gloeosporioides f. melongenae, the namesC. gloeosporioides “f. sp. melongenae”, C. melongenae Av.-Saccá 1917, and C. melongenae Lobik 1928 have been used torefer to fungi associated with anthracnose diseases of Solanummelongena (e.g. Sherf & McNab 1986, Kaan 1973). Other namesused for isolates from the same host have included Gloeosporiummelongenae Ellis & Halst. 1891 and G. melongenae Sacc. 1916.The genetic relationships of these eggplant-associated taxa to andwithin the C. gloeosporioides species complex remain unknown.Solanum melongena associated species are known also from theC. boninense species complex (Damm et al. 2012b, this issue).Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. miconiae” (Killgoreet al. 1999).Notes: Killgore et al. (1999) reported that the isolates theyrecognised as C. gloeosporioides “f. sp. miconiae” were highlyspecialised pathogens of Miconia calvescens, unable to infectthe closely related Clidemia hirta. The original voucher culturesare no longer available (pers. comm., Robert Barreto). Recentlycollected isolates from Miconia from the type locality in Brazil haveproved to be genetically diverse across the C. gloeosporioidesspecies complex, with isolates in both the Kahawae and Musaeclades (unpubl. data). For now the genetic position of this pathogenremains unresolved.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides var. minus Simmonds,Queensland J. Agric. Anim. Sci. 25: 178A. 1968.Notes: See Colletotrichum queenslandicum.154
The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complexColletotrichum gloeosporioides var. nectrioidea Gonz.Frag., Bol. Soc. Brot., 2: 52. 1924.Notes: Originally described from Citrus aurantium from Portugal,the name has not been used since it was described and its geneticrelationship to and within the C. gloeosporioides species complexis unknown.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. ortheziidae”(Marcelino et al. 2008).Notes: Marcelino et al. (2008) clearly show that the Ortheziapraelonga pathogen belongs in the C. acutatum species complex,despite referring to the fungus only as C. gloeosporioides “f. sp.ortheziidae”. See also notes under C. nymphaeae in Damm et al.(2012a, this issue).Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. pilosae” (Singh1974).Notes: First described from leaves of Bidens pilosa, this name hasnot been used since it was described and its genetic relationshipto and within the C. gloeosporioides species complex is unknown.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis Munaut,Mycol. Res. 106: 591. 2002.Notes: Placed here in synonymy with C. theobromicola; see notesunder C. theobromicola.Irwin & Cameron (1978) and Munaut et al. (2002) describeddifferent diseases of Stylosanthes associated with Type A and TypeB isolates of C. gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis, the two groups ofisolates distinguished morphologically by growth rate in culture andby conidial morphology. Compared with Type A, the Type B isolateshad a slower growth rate on PDA, and conidia more variable in sizeand shape (Irwin & Cameron 1978). They were also distinguishedgenetically using RFLP and similar methods (e.g. Munaut et al.1998, 2002). Munaut et al. (2002) used ITS1 sequences to showthe C. gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis to be related to an isolate theyidentified as C. fragariae. We regard C. fragariae to be a synonymof C. theobromicola, with putatively authentic Type A (HM335, C.gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis “f. sp. guianensis”) and Type B (HM336, C. gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis “f. sp. stylosanthis”) isolatesboth also belonging to this species. From the ITS1 sequence dataavailable, isolates regarded as typical of Type A (RAPD cluster I)and of Type B (RAPD cluster II) by Munaut et al. (1998) all belongin C. theobromicola in the sense that we are using the name; theirRAPD cluster III isolate could be C. tropicale, and their RAPDcluster IV isolates are probably C. fructicola.The cultures of C. gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis that we usedwere originally studied by Irwin & Cameron (1978), and selectedas the “types” of “f. sp. guianensis” and “f. sp. stylosanthis” byMunaut et al. (2002). Both isolates have a ‘stale’ growth form, nolonger forming conidia in culture and with aerial mycelium closelyappressed to the agar surface, resulting in an almost slimy colonysurface. Both isolates had a slow growth rate, similar to thatreported for Type B isolates by Irwin & Cameron (1978). Geneticallyboth isolates were identical for all the genes we sequenced. Thisidentity should be checked against additional isolates, especiallysome matching Type A sensu Irwin & Cameron (1978) with respectto both pathogenicity and growth form.Sherriff et al. (1994), using ITS2 and partial 28S rDNAsequences, found isolates they considered to represent C.gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis Type A and Type B respectively tobe genetically distinct. However, their ITS2 sequences show thatthe putative Type B isolate in their study was in fact a member ofthe C. boninense species complex.Specimens examined: Australia, Queensland, Townsville, on Stylosanthes viscosa,coll. J.A.G. Irwin 21365 (HM335), 1976 (ex-holotype culture of C. gloeosporioidesf. stylosanthis – MUCL 42294 = ICMP 17957 = CBS 124251); Samford, onStylosanthes guianensis, coll. J.A.G. Irwin 21398 (HM336), 1979 (MUCL 42295 =ICMP 17958 = CBS 124250).Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis “f. sp.guianensis” (Munaut et al. 2002)≡ Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. guianensis” (Vinijsanum et al.1987).Notes: See notes and specimens examined under C.gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis “f. sp.stylosanthis” (Munaut et al. 2002).Notes: See notes and specimens examined under C.gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. uredinicola”(Singh 1975).Notes: Described from uredinia and telia of Ravenelia sessilison pods of Albizia lebbek, this name has not been used since itwas described and its genetic relationship to and within the C.gloeosporioides species complex is unknown.Colletotrichum gossypii Southw., J. Mycol. 6: 100. 1891.= Glomerella gossypii Edgerton, Mycologia 1: 119. 1909.Notes: This species was originally described from the USA and wasreported to cause disease symptoms on all parts of cotton plants,but especially the bolls (Southworth 1891, Edgerton 1909). Isolatesidentified as C. gossypii by Shear & Wood (1907) were reportedlyassociated with a Glomerella state in culture, and Edgerton (1909)described Glomerella gossypii from diseased, mature cotton plantsin the USA Edgerton (1909) discussed differences in ascosporeshape between G. gossypii and fruit-rotting isolates of G.cingulata, with G. gossypii having elliptic, not curved ascospores.Von Arx (1957) considered C. gossypii to be a synonym of C.gloeosporioides and von Arx & Müller (1954) regarded G. gossypiito be a synonym of G. cingulata.Modern authors have recognised two pathogens of cotton, C.gossypii and C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides. Colletotrichumgossypii is reportedly the cause of cotton anthracnose, a damping-offdisease of cotton seedlings, and C. gossypii var. cephalosporioidesthe cause of ramulosis, a disease causing abnormal branchingof mature plants (Bailey et al. 1996, Silva-Mann et al. 2005). Ina study based on ITS2 sequences, Bailey et al. (1996) found C.gossypii and C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides to be geneticallydistinct but with both belonging to the C. gloeosporioides speciescomplex. Silva-Mann et al. (2005) also distinguished the twotaxa genetically, based on an AFLP analysis. The only DNAsequences available for isolates identified as C. gossypii and C.www.studiesinmycology.org155
Page 1:
Studies in Mycology 73 (September 2
Page 5 and 6:
Colletotrichum: complex species or
Page 10 and 11:
Damm et al.Table 1. Strains of Coll
Page 12 and 13:
Damm et al.Table 1. (Continued).Gen
Page 14 and 15:
Damm et al.combined sequence datase
Page 16 and 17:
Damm et al.Fig. 2. Colletotrichum a
Page 19 and 20:
The Colletotrichum boninense specie
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
available online at www.studiesinmy
Page 47 and 48:
The Colletotrichum acutatum species
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91:
Page 94 and 95:
Damm et al.µm diam. Setae not obse
Page 96 and 97:
Damm et al.Table 2. Conidia measure
Page 98 and 99:
Damm et al.Table 2. (Continued).Spe
Page 100 and 101:
Damm et al.Table 3. Appressoria mea
Page 102 and 103:
Damm et al.Fig. 25. Colletotrichum
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113: Damm et al.Fig. 30. Colletotrichum
Page 114 and 115: Damm et al.to olivaceous grey, filt
Page 116 and 117: Damm et al.are formed directly from
Page 118 and 119: Damm et al.Arx JA von (1957). Die A
Page 120 and 121: Damm et al.Masaba DM, Waller JM (19
Page 122 and 123: 114
Page 124 and 125: Weir et al.grass-inhabiting species
Page 126 and 127: Weir et al.Table 1. A list of strai
Page 128 and 129: Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
Page 130 and 131: Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
Page 132 and 133: Weir et al.Table 2. Primers used in
Page 134 and 135: Weir et al.11ICMP 17789 Malus USA1I
Page 136 and 137: Weir et al.Kahawae cladeC. alataeC.
Page 138 and 139: Weir et al.A0.991ICMP 17905 Coffea
Page 140 and 141: Weir et al.Conidial width variation
Page 142 and 143: Weir et al.G. c.“f.sp. camelliae
Page 144 and 145: Weir et al.Fig. 10. Colletotrichum
Page 154 and 155: Weir et al.Fig. 18. Glomerella cing
Page 156 and 157: Weir et al.images under C. fructico
Page 158 and 159: Weir et al.Specimen examined: Thail
Page 164 and 165: Weir et al.gossypii var. cephalospo
Page 166 and 167: Weir et al.to utilise either citrat
Page 170 and 171: Weir et al.(ex-epitype culture CBS
Page 172 and 173: Weir et al.of this species to C. ps
Page 184 and 185: Weir et al.Table 4. Performance of
Page 186 and 187: Weir et al.Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpe
Page 188 and 189: Weir et al.Simmonds JH (1968). Type
Page 190 and 191: Cannon et al.182
Page 192 and 193: Cannon et al.In rare instances, Col
Page 194 and 195: Cannon et al.Table 1. Summary of pr
Page 196 and 197: Cannon et al.Table 1. (Continued).P
Page 198 and 199: Cannon et al.Table 2. Colletotrichu
Page 200 and 201: Cannon et al.as did those for Colle
Page 202 and 203: Cannon et al.Table 3. Authentic seq
Page 204 and 205: Cannon et al.Table 3. (Continued).S
Page 210 and 211: Cannon et al.110.74 C. cuscutae IMI
Page 212 and 213:
Cannon et al.Boninense cladeThe bon
Page 214 and 215:
Cannon et al.C. lindemuthianum AB08
Page 216 and 217:
Cannon et al.A further important ac
Page 218 and 219:
Cannon et al.Hawksworth DL (2011).
Page 220 and 221:
Cannon et al.Rodríguez-Guerra R, R
Page 223 and 224:
Studies in MycologyStudies in Mycol
Page 225 and 226:
CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 11:Taxon
Page 227:
Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
show all

Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?