Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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Damm et al.Fig. 30. Colletotrichum sloanei (from ex-holotype strain IMI 364297). A–B. Conidiomata. C–J. Conidiophores. K–P. Appressoria. Q–R. Conidia. A, C–E, Q. from Anthriscus stem.B, F–P, R. from SNA. A–B. DM, C–R. DIC, Scale bars: A = 100 µm, C = 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies to A–B. Scale bar of C applies to C–R.species were considered to have potential to protect host plantsfrom Phytophthora diseases. All have been reviewed by Weir et al.(2012, this issue).Further Colletotrichum species have been described fromT. cacao, including C. brachytrichum from leaves of T. cacao inTrinidad. This species has conidia that are ovoid-cylindrical withan attenuated base and a round apex, measuring 10–13.5 ×3–3.7 µm; it produces sparse setae that are dark brown, aseptate,slightly flexuous and 40 × 3.5 µm, as well as conidiogenous cellsmeasuring 4 × 2 µm (Saccardo 1906). In contrast, C. sloanei formslarger conidia averaging 14.4 × 3.7 µm on SNA and 13.4 × 3.9 µmon Anthriscus stem. No setae were found in cultures of C. sloanei(though these may only form on host material) and its conidiogenouscells are much longer than those of C. brachytrichum.Colletotrichum cradwickii, described from branches of T.cacao in Jamaica, forms conidia that are hyaline (red in mass),elongate, constricted in the middle, and 14–17 × 5 µm, with setaethat are straight, rigid, acute, 2–3-septate, purplish and 70–100× 4–6 µm in size (Saccardo & Trotter 1913). Colletotrichumluxificum was collected from branches, buds and fruits of T.cacao in Surinam and Demerara (now Guyana). It formed ovoidoblongconidia, sometimes slightly constricted in the centre,with both sides rounded, smooth, and 13–19 × 4–5 µm. Setaewere formed that were described as 2–4-septate, 50–120 × 3.5–4.5 µm (Saccardo & Trotter 1913). Although the larger size isdiscrepant, the constriction of the conidia and the formation ofsetae described for these two species is reminiscent of species inthe C. gloeosporioides complex.Colletotrichum theobromae forms oblong, straight conidiawith obtuse ends, measuring 9–12 × 3–5 µm, and dark-brown,pluriseptate, acute setae measuring 60–75 × 3 µm (Saccardo1906). It was found on fruits of T. cacao in Cameroon, and also doesnot agree in character with C. sloanei. Gloeosporium theobromicola[as “theobromicolum”], from fruits of T. cacao in Brazil, formsconidia that are hyaline, fusoid and 6–9 × 2–2.5 µm, (Saccardo etal. 1931). These are considerably smaller than those of C. sloanei.This organism may not be a species of Colletotrichum.None of the species previously described on T. cacao originatesfrom Asia, and all known species from other parts of the world differfrom C. sloanei. Rojas et al. (2010) noted several unidentified taxaamongst their collections from T. cacao from Panama, but basedon ITS sequence data, none of them belongs to the C. acutatumspecies complex. They also isolated C. gloeosporioides s. lat. anda strain belonging to the C. boninense species complex (CBS124951); the latter was identified as C. karstii by Damm et al.(2012, this issue).Colletotrichum sloanei may be separated from other speciesby TUB2, ACT, GAPDH and HIS3 sequences. It is most easilydistinguished with TUB2, HIS3 and ACT. With GAPDH there is onlyone bp difference from C. paxtonii, while the CHS-1 sequence isthe same as that of C. walleri. Closest matches in a blastn searchwith the TUB2 sequence of strain IMI 364297 (with 99 % identity,104
The Colletotrichum acutatum species complexFig. 31. Colletotrichum tamarilloi (from ex-holotype strain CBS 129814). A–B. Conidiomata. C–J. Conidiophores. K–P. Appressoria. Q–R. Conidia. A, C–E, Q. from Anthriscusstem. B, F–P, R. from SNA. A–B. DM, C–R. DIC, Scale bars: A = 100 µm, C = 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies to A–B. Scale bar of C applies to C–R.2 or 3 bp differences) were GU183300, GU183299 and GU183295from C. simmondsii strains from Litchi chinensis in Australia(Shivas & Tan 2009). There are no strains from Litchi includedin our analyses, but according to the TUB2 tree in Shivas & Tan(2009), they probably belong to C. simmondsii s. str. The closestmatch with the GAPDH sequence of strain IMI 364297 covering± the full length sequence (with 98 % identity, 6 bp differences)was HQ846719 from an unnamed plant, probably from India(Chowdappa P, Chethana CS, Madhura S, unpubl. data). Closestmatches with the ITS sequence (with 99 % identity, 1 bp difference)were 25 sequences, that are not listed here.Colletotrichum tamarilloi Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, sp.nov. MycoBank MB800516. Fig. 31.Etymology: Named after the host plant tamarillo (Solanumbetaceum).Sexual morph not observed (structures that are possibly immatureascomata were seen on Anthriscus stem). Asexual morph onSNA. Vegetative hyphae 1–5.5 µm diam, hyaline to pale brown,smooth-walled, septate, branched. Chlamydospores not observed.Conidiomata not developed, conidiophores formed directly onhyphae. Setae not observed. Conidiophores hyaline, smoothwalled,septate, branched, to 30 µm long. Conidiogenous cellshyaline smooth-walled, cylindrical to ± inflated, often integrated,discrete phialides measure 8–18 × 2.5–3.5 µm, opening 1–1.5µm diam, collarette distinct, 1–1.5 µm long, periclinal thickeningconspicuous. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight,cylindrical to fusiform with both ends acute, sometimes clavate withone round and one acute end, (8.5–)11.5–14.5(–15) × (2.5–)3–4(–4.5) µm, mean ± SD = 13.0 ± 1.4 × 3.5 ± 0.4 µm, L/W ratio = 3.7.Appressoria single, medium brown, smooth-walled, subglobose,elliptical or clavate, the edge entire, rarely slightly undulate, (4–)5–10.5(–16) × (3.5–)4.5–6.5(–8) µm, mean ± SD = 7.8 ± 2.6 × 5.5 ±0.9 µm, L/W ratio = 1.4.Asexual morph on Anthriscus stem. Conidiomata acervular,conidiophores formed on thick-walled, pale brown, angular, basalcells 4–8 µm diam. Setae not observed. Conidiophores hyalineto pale brown, smooth-walled, septate, branched, to 50 µm long.Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical, sometimespolyphialidic, 10–21 × 2–4 µm, opening 1–1.5 µm diam, collarettedistinct, 1–2 µm long, periclinal thickening conspicuous. Conidiahyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight, cylindrical to fusiformwith both ends acute, (10.5–)12–16(–22) × (3–)3.5–4.5(–5) µm,mean ± SD = 14.0 ± 1.9 × 4.0 ± 0.4 µm, L/W ratio = 3.5. Conidiaof CBS 129955 and CBS 129811 differ in having slightly longerconidia, measuring (11.5–)13.5–17(–18.5) × 3.5–4(–4.5) µm, mean± SD = 15.3 ± 1.7 × 3.8 ± 0.3 µm, L/W ratio = 4.0.Culture characteristics: Colonies on SNA flat with entire margin,hyaline to pale honey, on filter paper partly pale olivaceous greywww.studiesinmycology.org105
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Studies in Mycology 73 (September 2
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Colletotrichum: complex species or
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Damm et al.Table 1. Strains of Coll
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Damm et al.Fig. 2. Colletotrichum a
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The Colletotrichum boninense specie
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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The Colletotrichum acutatum species
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Weir et al.Notes: First described f
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Weir et al.Fig. 27. Colletotrichum
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Weir et al.Simmonds JH (1968). Type
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Cannon et al.182
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Cannon et al.In rare instances, Col
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Cannon et al.Table 1. Summary of pr
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Cannon et al.Table 1. (Continued).P
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Cannon et al.Table 2. Colletotrichu
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Cannon et al.as did those for Colle
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Cannon et al.110.74 C. cuscutae IMI
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Cannon et al.C. lindemuthianum AB08
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Studies in MycologyStudies in Mycol
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CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 11:Taxon
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
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Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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