Damm et al.Fig. 2. <strong>Colletotrichum</strong> annellatum (from ex-holotype strain <strong>CBS</strong> 129826). A–B. Conidiomata. C–E. Conidioph<strong>or</strong>es. F. Basis of seta and conidioph<strong>or</strong>es. G. Tip of seta. H–I.Conidioph<strong>or</strong>es. J–K. Conidia. L–M. Ascomata. N. Ascosp<strong>or</strong>es. O. Paraphyses. P–R. Asci. S. Peridium in cross section. T. Outer surface of peridium. A, C–E, J. from Anthriscusstem; B, F–I, K–T. from SNA. A–B, L. Dissecting microscope (DM), C–K, M–T. Differential interference contrast illumination (DIC), Scale bars: A, L = 100 µm, M = 50 µm, C, N= 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies to A–B. Scale bar of C applies to C–K. Scale bar of N applies to N–T.8
The <strong>Colletotrichum</strong> boninense <strong>species</strong> <strong>complex</strong>× 11–14 µm, 8-sp<strong>or</strong>ed. Ascosp<strong>or</strong>es arranged biseriately, hyaline,smooth-walled, aseptate, cylindrical, straight <strong>or</strong> rarely very slightlycurved, both sides rounded (13.5–)14.5–17(–19.5) × (5–)5.5–6(–6.5) µm, mean ± SD = 15.8 ± 1.4 × 5.8 ± 0.4 µm, L/W ratio = 2.7.Anam<strong>or</strong>ph developed on SNA. Vegetative hyphae 1.5–9 µm diam, hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, branched.Chlamydosp<strong>or</strong>es not observed. Conidiomata absent,conidioph<strong>or</strong>es and setae f<strong>or</strong>med directly from vegetative hyphae<strong>or</strong> on a small cushion of hyaline to pale brown, angular cells 3–6µm diam. Setae pale to medium brown, smooth to verruculose,especially towards the tip, 2–4-septate, 70–160 µm long, thebase cylindrical, sometimes slightly inflated, 3.5–5.5 µm diam,the tip ± rounded. Conidioph<strong>or</strong>es hyaline to very pale brown,smooth-walled, septate, branched, to 80 µm long. Conidiogenouscells hyaline to very pale brown, smooth-walled, cylindrical,sometimes extending to f<strong>or</strong>m new conidiogenous loci, 4–22 × 4–5µm, opening 1–2 µm diam, collarette < 0.5 µm long, periclinalthickening distinct. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate,cylindrical, the apex and base rounded, with a prominent scar,contents granular <strong>or</strong> guttulate, often with two big guttules, (11.5–)13–15(–15.5) × (5–)5.5–6 µm, mean ± SD = 14.0 ± 0.9 × 5.7± 0.2 µm, L/W ratio = 2.4. Appress<strong>or</strong>ia rare (only 8 observed)single, medium brown, roundish, elliptical <strong>or</strong> with a bullet-shapedoutline, the margin entire to undulate, 5.5–9(–11) × (4–)4.5–6.5µm, mean ± SD = 7.3 ± 1.6 × 5.7 ± 1.0 µm, L/W ratio = 1.3.Anam<strong>or</strong>ph on Anthriscus stem. Conidiomata acervular,conidioph<strong>or</strong>es f<strong>or</strong>med on a cushion of pale brown, thick-walled,angular cells, 5–10 µm diam. Setae not observed. Conidioph<strong>or</strong>espale brown, smooth-walled, septate, branched, to 35 µm long.Conidiogenous cells pale brown, smooth-walled, cylindrical,annellations frequently observed, 7–21 × 3.5–5 µm, opening1.5–2 µm diam, collarette 0.5–1 µm long. Conidia hyaline, smoothwalled,aseptate, cylindrical, the apex and base rounded, with aprominent scar, contents granular <strong>or</strong> guttulate, often with two bigguttules, (13–)14–15.5(–16.5) × 5.5–6(–6.5) µm, mean ± SD =14.7 ± 1.0 × 5.8 ± 0.3 µm, L/W ratio = 2.6.Culture characteristics: Colonies on SNA flat with entire margin,hyaline to pale honey-coloured. On medium with Anthriscus stemand filter paper, partly covered with sh<strong>or</strong>t floccose, white aerialmycelium and grey to black conidiomata; reverse same colours,17.5–19.5 mm in 7 d (28–29.5 mm in 10 d). Colonies on OA flatwith entire margin, buff, pale mouse-grey to greyish sepia, partlycovered with floccose white aerial mycelium and salmon to blackconidiomata; reverse buff, olivaceous buff to olivaceous grey, 19–20 mm in 7 d (30–31 mm in 10 d). Conidia in mass salmon.Material examined: Colombia, Meta, Villavicencio, from a leaf of Hevea brasiliensis,13 Aug. 2010, Olga Castro, (<strong>CBS</strong> H-20693 holotype, culture ex-type <strong>CBS</strong> 129826= CH1).Notes: This <strong>species</strong> is sister to a clade that contains C. karstiiand C. phyllanthi. <strong>Colletotrichum</strong> annellatum has rather longerasci compared with C. karstii (58–74 µm versus 31.5–56 µm),ascosp<strong>or</strong>es that tend to be wider, and smaller appress<strong>or</strong>ia (thoughthese are rarely f<strong>or</strong>med in C. annellatum). <strong>Colletotrichum</strong> phyllanthidid not produce anam<strong>or</strong>phic <strong>or</strong> teleom<strong>or</strong>phic structures underour growth conditions, so direct comparison of m<strong>or</strong>phologicalcharacters was problematic. As its name suggests, C. annellatumfrequently produces conidiogenous cells that have annellide-likeproliferations on Anthriscus stem, while on SNA conidiogenouscells with a distinct periclinal thickening were predominant.Two <strong>species</strong> referable to <strong>Colletotrichum</strong> have previously beendescribed from Hevea. <strong>Colletotrichum</strong> heveae Petch (Petch 1906)has longer and wider conidia than C. annellatum (measured as 18–24× 7.5–8 µm by its auth<strong>or</strong>), and seems to be similar in m<strong>or</strong>phologicalterms to the C. crassipes group as accepted by Sutton (1980). Thereare a number of distantly related <strong>Colletotrichum</strong> taxa with broadconidia and m<strong>or</strong>e revisionary w<strong>or</strong>k is needed; see also Lubbe et al.(2004) and Cannon et al. (2012, this issue). A further <strong>species</strong> waspublished in the same article, Gloeosp<strong>or</strong>ium heveae Petch. Many<strong>species</strong> described in that genus now belong in <strong>Colletotrichum</strong>,differing only in having sparse <strong>or</strong> absent setae (von Arx 1970).From its description, G. heveae belongs to the C. gloeosp<strong>or</strong>ioidesaggregate; as it has conidia that measure 12–17 × 3.5–5 µm(i.e. narrower than those of C. annellatum) and conidiogenouscells (“basidia”) measuring 20–34 × 2 µm. Typification of neither<strong>species</strong> is easy. The only potential type material of either <strong>species</strong>in K contains a single packet labelled in Petch’s handwriting with“Gloeosp<strong>or</strong>ium brunneum Petch & <strong>Colletotrichum</strong> heveae Petch,no. 2228. On Hevea, 7 Oct. 1905; type of <strong>Colletotrichum</strong> heveae”.The packet contains two young leaves, apparently with only onefungus, c<strong>or</strong>responding to the description of G. heveae rather thanC. heveae. The name G. brunneum Petch was apparently neverpublished (it would be a later homonym of G. brunneum Ellis &Everh. 1889) and it seems most likely that Petch changed the nameof this <strong>species</strong> between collection and publication. Petch’s namescannot theref<strong>or</strong>e be unequivocally typified, but it seems certain thatneither provides an earlier name f<strong>or</strong> C. annellatum.Most <strong>Colletotrichum</strong> isolates derived from Hevea plants havebeen found to belong to the C. gloeosp<strong>or</strong>ioides and C. acutatum<strong>species</strong> <strong>complex</strong>es (Jayasinghe et al. 1997, Saha et al. 2002, Gazis& Chaverri 2010, Gazis et al. 2011, Damm et al. 2012, this issue).However, one isolate from Hevea guianensis in Peru has an ITSsequence placing it in the C. boninense <strong>species</strong> <strong>complex</strong>, within C.karstii <strong>or</strong> C. phyllanthi (Gazis et al. 2011; GenBank HQ022474). TheITS sequence of C. annelatum differs in two bp from C. karstii andC. phyllanthi. Further research is needed to clarify the placement ofthe strain from Peru.<strong>Colletotrichum</strong> beeveri Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R.Johnst. & B. Weir, sp. nov. MycoBank MB560735. Fig. 3.Etymology: Named after Ross Beever, New Zealand mycologistand fungal geneticist, who collected the plant material from whichthis <strong>species</strong> was isolated.Teleom<strong>or</strong>ph not observed. On SNA, Anthriscus stem/filterpaperand OA closed round structures were observed that could beundeveloped ascomata, neither conidia n<strong>or</strong> ascosp<strong>or</strong>es wereproduced.Anam<strong>or</strong>ph developed on SNA. Vegetative hyphae 1.5–7 µmdiam, hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, branched. Chlamydosp<strong>or</strong>esnot observed. Conidiomata absent, conidioph<strong>or</strong>es and setae f<strong>or</strong>meddirectly from vegetative hyphae <strong>or</strong> on pale brown, thick-walled angularcells 3–6.5 µm diam. Setae dark brown, smooth-walled, 1–3-septate,50–100 µm long, base conical to ± inflated, 5–6.5 µm diam, tip ±acute. Conidioph<strong>or</strong>es pale brown, smooth-walled, septate, branched,to 50 µm long. Conidiogenous cells pale brown, smooth-walled,cylindrical to ampullif<strong>or</strong>m, 9–30 × 03.5–6.5 µm, opening 1–1.5 µmdiam, collarette ≤ 0.5 µm long, periclinal thickening distinct. Conidiahyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, cylindrical, the apex and baserounded, with a prominent scar, contents granular <strong>or</strong> guttulate, oftenwww.studiesinmycology.<strong>or</strong>g9
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616