Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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Weir et al.Fig. 12. Colletotrichum alatae. ICMP 18122. A. Cultures on PDA, 10 d growth from single conidia, from above and below. B–C. Appressoria. D. Conidiogenous cells and conidia.E. Conidia. F. Setae. Scale bars B, F = 20 µm. Scale bar of B applies to B–E.138
The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complexGeographic distribution and host range: Known only from yam(Dioscorea alata), from Nigeria, Barbardos, India, Guadeloupe.Genetic identification: ITS sequences distinguish C. alatae from allother taxa.Notes: Anthracnose diseases of yam are found throughout theregions where the host is grown (e.g. Winch et al. 1984, Prasad &Singh 1960, Singh et al. 1966, Abang et al. 2002, 2003). Isolatesfrom diseased yam leaves are morphologically (Winch et al. 1984)and genetically (Abang et al. 2002) diverse. Both of these authorsused a broad species concept, grouping all isolates sourced fromyam under the single name C. gloeosporioides. In this paper weaccept part of that diversity to represent a distinct species, newlydescribed here as C. alatae. The type specimen of C. alataematches the SGG (slow growing grey) group of Abang et al. (2002),the group that these authors found to be more pathogenic to yamthan the other morphological and genetic groups they recognisedwithin C. gloeosporioides. In addition to the Nigerian isolates ofAbang et al. (2002), isolates from yam from Barbados (isolatesSAS8 and SAS9 from Sreenivasaprasad et al. 1996), Guadeloupe(GenBank accession GQ495617) and India (CBS 304.67 andGenBank accession FJ940734) belong in this clade, while noisolates from other hosts have been found.Other isolates from yam that we sequenced included somerepresenting the Abang et al. (2002) FGS group (Abang Cg22 =ICMP 18120, Abang Cg13 = ICMP 18125, Abang CgS6 = ICMP18117, Abang CgS2 = ICMP 18121), a group distinguished fromthe highly pathogenic SGG isolates by faster growth in culture andshorter conidia (Abang et al. 2002). Two of these isolates (ICMP18120, 18125) genetically match C. fructicola, the others match C.siamense.Several names have been applied to Colletotrichumspecimens from anthracnose of yam stems and leaves, includingGloeosporium pestis Massee, G. “dioscoreae” Sawada (nom.inval.; no Latin diagnosis), Colletotrichum dioscoreae Av.-Saccá1917, and C. dioscoreae Tehon 1933. In addition, Gloeosporiumbomplandii Speg. was described from a host doubtfullyidentified as Dioscorea. Because of the broad genetic diversityof Colletotrichum spp. associated with diseased yam, the lackof cultures from any of these early type specimens, and theuncertainty to which part of the yam-associated diversity theycorrespond, we have chosen not to use these names for ournewly recognised, yam-specialised pathogen. Whether the postharvesttuber rot referred to as dead skin disease of yam (Abanget al. 2003, Green & Simmons 1994) is caused by the sameColletotrichum population as associated with diseased foliage isnot known.Other specimen examined: Nigeria, Kpite, on Dioscorea alata leaf, coll. M.M. AbangCg25, 2001 (ICMP 18122).* Colletotrichum alienum B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., sp. nov.MycoBank MB563591. Figs 13, 14.Etymology: Based on the biology of this species, confined to exotichosts and presumed to be a recent introduction to Australasia.Holotype: New Zealand, Auckland, Kumeu research orchard,Malus domestica fruit rot, coll. P.R. Johnston C824, 14 Aug. 1987,PDD 101996; ex-type culture ICMP 12071.Colonies grown from single conidia on Difco PDA 85 mm diam after10 d. Colonies often with distinct sectors; some with cottony, greyaerial mycelium with numerous dark-based acervuli and orangeconidial ooze visible through the mycelium; others with dense,cottony to felted mycelium, fewer acervuli and these hidden bythe dense mycelium. In reverse, irregular dark grey patches andsectors masking the pale orange coloured pigmentation. ICMP18691 looks “stale” with slow growth, dense, pale aerial myceliumand sparse conidial production and no perithecia. Conidia (12.5–)15.5–17.5(–22) × (3–)5–5.5(–6) µm (av. 16.5 × 5.0 µm, n = 70),cylindric with broadly rounded ends. Appressoria mostly simple,globose to short-cylindric, a few with broad, irregular lobes; ICMP18691 has mostly lobed appressoria. Perithecia forming in mostcultures after about 10 d, dark-walled, globose with short, narrowostiolar neck. Ascospores (14.5–)17–19.5(–22) × 4–5(–6) µm (av.18.1 × 4.6 µm, n = 55), cylindric, curved, tapering slightly to eachend.Geographic distribution and host range: Known only from Australiaand New Zealand, common on a wide range of introduced fruitcrops.Genetic identification: ITS sequences do not separate C. alienumfrom some C. siamense isolates. These taxa are best distinguishedusing CAL or GS.Notes: Common on commercial fruit crops, this fungus was referredto as C. gloeosporioides Group A by Johnston & Jones (1997) andJohnston et al. (2005).Other specimens examined: Australia, New South Wales, Murwillumbah, on Perseaamericana (DAR 37820 = IMI 313842 = ICMP 18691). New Zealand, Auckland,Oratia, Shaw Rd, on Malus domestica fruit rot, coll. P.R. Johnston C938.5, 14 Apr.1988 (ICMP 18725); Bay of Plenty, Katikati, on Diospyros kaki ripe fruit rot, coll. M.A.Manning, Jun. 1989 (ICMP 17972); Bay of Plenty, Te Puke, on Persea americanaripe fruit rot, coll. W.F.T. Hartill, 2 Feb. 1988 (ICMP 18704); Bay of Plenty, Te Puna,on Persea americana ripe fruit rot, coll. W.F.T. Hartill, 25 Jan. 1988 (ICMP 18703);Bay of Plenty, on Persea americana ripe fruit rot, coll. W.F.T. Hartill, Feb. 1991(ICMP 18621); Waikato, Hamilton, on Malus domestica fruit rot, coll. G.I. Robertson,May 1988 (ICMP 12068).* Colletotrichum aotearoa B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., sp. nov.MycoBank MB800213. Figs 15, 16.Etymology: Based on the Maori name for New Zealand; mostisolates from native New Zealand plants belong here.Holotype: New Zealand, Auckland, Glen Innes, Auckland Universitycampus, on Coprosma sp. incubated berries, coll. B. Weir C1282.4,30 Apr 2009, PDD 101076; ex-type culture ICMP 18537.Colonies grown from single conidia on Difco PDA 70–85 mm diamafter 10 d, several isolates with restricted growth, 50–55 mm diamwith an irregularly scalloped margin. Aerial mycelium cottony todense cottony, tufted near centre, grey to dark grey, scattered,small, dark-based acervuli and large, globose, stromatic structurespartially embedded in agar, these sometimes splitting apart andforming conidia. In reverse typically with pinkish-orange pigments,variable in intensity, in some isolates this colour partially hiddenby more or less concentric bands of dark grey pigment. Conidia(12–)16–17.5(–21.5) × (4.5–)5–5.5(–6.5) µm (av. 16.9 × 5.2 µm,n = 216), cylindric, straight, apex broadly rounded, often taperingslightly towards subtruncate base, 0-septate, hyaline. Appressoriawww.studiesinmycology.org139
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Studies in Mycology 73 (September 2
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Colletotrichum: complex species or
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Damm et al.Table 1. Strains of Coll
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Damm et al.Table 1. (Continued).Gen
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The Colletotrichum boninense specie
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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The Colletotrichum acutatum species
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Damm et al.µm diam. Setae not obse
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Cannon et al.110.74 C. cuscutae IMI
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Cannon et al.Hawksworth DL (2011).
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Cannon et al.Rodríguez-Guerra R, R
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Studies in MycologyStudies in Mycol
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CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 11:Taxon
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
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