Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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Damm et al.Fig. 15. Colletotrichum kinghornii (from ex-holotype strain CBS 198.35). A–J. Conidiophores. K–L. Conidia. H–K. from Anthriscus stem. A–G, L. from SNA. A–L. DIC, Scalebars: B = 10 µm. Scale bar of B applies to A–L.Material examined: UK, Scotland, from Phormium tenax, unknown collection date,N.L. Alcock (deposited in CBS collection Feb. 1935 by W.O. Kinghorn as Glomerellaphacidiomorpha), (CBS H-20909 holotype, culture ex-type CBS 198.35).Notes: Kinghorn (1936) worked on two strains isolated fromPhormium from material collected in Scotland by N.L. Alcock. Bothof these were identified as C. phormii by Farr et al. (2006). One ofthese is confirmed as C. phormii in this study, but we have foundthe other (CBS 198.35) to be distinct in molecular terms. Kinghornnamed his material Glomerella phacidiomorpha, but Farr et al.(2006) examined the type of that name and found it to be a speciesof Phaeosphaeriopsis.Colletotrichum kinghornii is one of the two species in the C.acutatum complex with the largest conidia; only those of C. phormiiare bigger. However, strain CBS 198.35 hardly sporulates, andthe conidia measured were mostly formed in the aerial mycelium.According to the molecular analyses, strain CBS 198.35 must beconsidered separate at species rank from C. phormii, with severalsequence differences in almost every gene, and a single bpdifference in the ITS sequence (this was not detected in the Farret al. study). Colletotrichum kinghornii is most effectively separatedfrom other species using HIS3.Closest match in blastn searches with the TUB2 sequenceof strain CBS 198.35 (with 98 % identity, 7 bp differences) wasGlomerella acutata isolate PCF 459 (EU635504) from strawberryin Belgium (Debode et al. 2009) and with 98 % identity (8 bpdifferences) isolate PT250 (= CBS 129953) AJ748624 from olivein Portugal (see A6-1) (Talhinhas et al. 2005). This last strainis assigned to C. rhombiforme in this study. With the GAPDHsequence of strain CBS 198.35 there was no closer match fromGenBank than with 86 % identity.Colletotrichum laticiphilum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous,sp. nov. MycoBank MB800505. Fig. 16.Etymology: latex = Greek for milk, latex and -philus = Greek forloving; referring to the economically significant feature of the hostplant.Sexual morph not observed. Asexual morph on SNA. Vegetativehyphae 1–7.5 µm diam, hyaline, smooth-walled, septate,branched. Chlamydospores not observed. Conidiomata notdeveloped, conidiophores formed directly on hyphae. Setaenot observed. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth-walled, simple orseptate and branched. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smoothwalled,ampulliform to conical, sometimes lacking a basal septumand continuous with the conidiophore, discrete phialides measuring6.5–15 × 3–4.5 µm, opening 1–1.5 µm diam, collarette 0.5–1.5 µmlong, periclinal thickening visible. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled,aseptate, straight, cylindrical with both ends ± acute or one endround and one end slightly acute, (9.5–)13.5–19.5(–25.5) × (3–)3.5–4(–4.5) µm, mean ± SD = 16.6 ± 3.1 × 3.8 ± 0.4 µm, L/W ratio= 4.4, conidia of CBS 129827 smaller, measuring (5–)8–15(–18.5)× (1.5–)2.5–4.5(–5.3) µm, mean ± SD = 11.5 ± 3.4 × 3.6 ± 0.9 µm,L/W ratio = 3.2. Appressoria single, medium brown, smooth-walled,subglobose, elliptical to clavate, the edge entire or rarely slightlyundulate, (5–)6.5–12(–16) × (4–)6–8(–8.5) µm, mean ± SD = 9.2± 2.8 × 7.2 ± 1.0 µm, L/W ratio = 1.3, appressoria of CBS 129827smaller, measuring (4–)5–7(–8) × (2.5–)3.5–5.5(–6) µm, mean ±SD = 6.0 ± 1.1 × 4.5 ± 0.8 µm, L/W ratio = 1.3.Asexual morph on Anthriscus stem. Conidiomata possiblyacervular, but no basal cells observed. Setae not observed.Conidiophores hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, simple orseptate and branched, to 25 µm long. Conidiogenous cells hyaline74
The Colletotrichum acutatum species complexFig. 16. Colletotrichum laticiphilum (from ex-holotype strain CBS 112989). A–B. Conidiomata. C–H. Conidiophores. I–L. Appressoria. M–N. Conidia. A, C–E, M. from Anthriscusstem. B, F–L, N. from SNA. A–B. DM, C–N. DIC, Scale bars: A = 100 µm, C = 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies to A–B. Scale bar of C applies to C–N.to pale brown, smooth-walled, ampulliform to cylindrical, 9–15 ×3.5–5.5 µm, opening 1–1.5 µm diam, collarette 0.5–1 µm long,periclinal thickening visible. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled,aseptate, straight, cylindrical with one end round and one endslightly acute, (10–)12–15(–19.5) × 4–5(–5.5) µm, mean ± SD =13.6 ± 1.7 × 4.5 ± 0.3 µm, L/W ratio = 3.0.Culture characteristics: Colonies on SNA flat with entire margin,hyaline to pale honey, filter paper pale olivaceous grey; growthrate 22.5 mm in 7 d (33.5 mm in 10 d). Colonies on OA flat withentire margin; surface white, buff to pale isabelline, covered withshort felty white aerial mycelium, reverse buff to honey; growthrate 22.5–23 mm in 7 d (32.5–35 mm in 10 d). Conidia in masswhitish.Material examined: India, Kerala, Kottayam, Rubber Research Institute campus,from raised spots on leaf of Hevea brasiliensis, 1999, unknown collector, (CBSH-20799 holotype, culture ex-type CBS 112989 = IMI 383015 = STE-U 5303 =CG 6). Colombia, Meta, Villavicencio, from leaf, anthracnose of Hevea brasiliensis,14 Aug. 2010, O. Castro, culture CBS 129827 = CH2.Notes: Colletotrichum leaf disease (CLD) has been considered to bea major cause of declining yields of Hevea brasiliensis in SoutheastAsia (Brown & Soepena 1994, Jayasinghe et al. 1997, Saha et al.2002). The pathogen was at first routinely identified as C. heveae(Petch 1906) and then assumed to be C. gloeosporioides (s. lat.)(Carpenter & Stevenson 1954, von Arx 1957).Jayasinghe and colleagues found that the majority of strainsexamined from Sri Lanka belonged to C. acutatum (s. lat.), andSaha et al. (2002) reported this species from India as well; it is likelythat similar strains are widespread in the region. Saha et al. (2002)revealed that C. acutatum (s. lat.) causes the raised spot symptom,while C. gloeosporioides (s. lat.) causes both anthracnose andpapery lesions on Hevea leaves in India. In a study from Sri Lanka,Thambugala & Deshappriya (2009) found that C. acutatum causeslarger lesions and can act synergistically in combination with C.gloeosporioides to cause CLD. Strain IMI 383015 is one of thestrains causing the raised spots on Hevea leaves in India. It wasincluded in the study of Saha et al. (2002) and also in the study ofLubbe et al. (2004), who generated its ITS and TUB2 sequences.The TUB2 sequence of strain IMI 383015 (AY376556) was alsoincluded in the TUB2 phylogeny by Shivas & Tan (2009); the strainwas identified there as C. simmonsii.It is necessary to consider the possible conspecificity of C.laticiphilum with three previously described taxa, all publishedby Petch in the same paper (Petch 1906) from collections madefrom Hevea in Sri Lanka. These were named as C. heveae,Gloeosporium heveae [nomenclaturally unrelated to C. heveae]and Gm. alborubrum. All three species were regarded as synonymsof C. gloeosporioides by von Arx (1957).Colletotrichum heveae was described with very wide conidia,measuring 18–24 × 7.5–8 µm (Petch 1906), larger than any ofthe species in the C. acutatum species complex, and possiblywww.studiesinmycology.org75
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Studies in Mycology 73 (September 2
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Colletotrichum: complex species or
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Damm et al.Table 1. Strains of Coll
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Damm et al.Table 1. (Continued).Gen
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Damm et al.combined sequence datase
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Damm et al.Fig. 2. Colletotrichum a
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The Colletotrichum boninense specie
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Weir et al.11ICMP 17789 Malus USA1I
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Weir et al.Kahawae cladeC. alataeC.
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Weir et al.A0.991ICMP 17905 Coffea
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Weir et al.Conidial width variation
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Weir et al.G. c.“f.sp. camelliae
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Weir et al.Fig. 10. Colletotrichum
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Weir et al.Fig. 18. Glomerella cing
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Weir et al.Specimen examined: Thail
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Weir et al.Notes: First described f
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Weir et al.gossypii var. cephalospo
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Weir et al.Table 4. Performance of
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Weir et al.Simmonds JH (1968). Type
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Cannon et al.182
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Cannon et al.In rare instances, Col
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Cannon et al.Table 1. Summary of pr
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Cannon et al.Table 1. (Continued).P
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Cannon et al.Table 2. Colletotrichu
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Cannon et al.as did those for Colle
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Cannon et al.Table 3. Authentic seq
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Cannon et al.110.74 C. cuscutae IMI
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Cannon et al.C. lindemuthianum AB08
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Cannon et al.Hawksworth DL (2011).
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Cannon et al.Rodríguez-Guerra R, R
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Studies in MycologyStudies in Mycol
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CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 11:Taxon
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
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Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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