Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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Damm et al.Fig. 19. Colletotrichum melonis (from ex-holotype strain CBS 159.84). A–B. Conidiomata. C–H. Conidiophores. I–N. Appressoria. O–P. Conidia. A, C–E, O. from Anthriscusstem. B, F–N, P. from SNA. A–B. DM, C–P. DIC, Scale bars: A = 100 µm, C = 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies to A–B. Scale bar of C applies to C–P.Colletotrichum lupini is an economically significant pathogenof lupin crops worldwide, and there is substantial interest inbreeding resistant host cultivars (e.g. Adhikari et al. 2011). WhileC. lupini shows a clear host preference based on the strains wehave examined, a few cultures were derived from hosts otherthan lupins, namely from Manihot, Camellia and Cinnamomum.Sreenivasaprasad & Talhinhas (2005) also listed Urtica dioicaas a host. A study by Nirenberg & Gerlach (2000) showed thata strain of C. lupini var. setosum was able to infect Bergenia ingreenhouse tests. Pathogenicity tests by Sreenivasaprasad &Talhinhas (2005) also failed to show host specificity of C. acutatumstrains from lupins (= C. lupini), though Lardner et al. (1999) foundthat the strains they placed in C. acutatum Group D (now known tobelong to C. lupini) did not infect pine seedlings in the manner of C.acutatum f. sp. pineum (now regarded as C. acutatum s. str.). Thestrain from Camellia in the UK (IMI 351261) was deposited 1992 inIMI by R. Cook and is most likely one of the avirulent C. acutatumstrains reported from ornamental Camellia species by Dickens andCook (1989).Our phylogeny clearly supports C. lupini as a distinct specieswithin the C. acutatum species complex. Colletotrichum lupini isseparated from other species by all genes included, except for ACT,with TUB2 providing the best differential test.Colletotrichum melonis Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, sp.nov. MycoBank MB800506. Fig. 19.Etymology: Named after host plant, Cucumis melo.Sexual morph not observed. Asexual morph on SNA. Vegetativehyphae 1–6.5 µm diam, hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, branched.Chlamydospores not observed. Conidiomata not developed,conidiophores formed directly from vegetative hyphae. Setae notobserved. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, branched,degenerating rapidly. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth-walled,cylindrical to ampulliform, 7–19 × 2.5–4 µm, opening 1–1.5 µmdiam, collarette 1–1.5 µm long, periclinal thickening visible. Conidiahyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight, some slightly curved,cylindrical with one end round and one end slightly acute to round,rarely both ends acute, (7–)9–16.5(–23.5) × (3–)3.5–4.5(–5) µm,mean ± SD = 12.8 ± 3.6 × 3.9 ± 0.4 µm, L/W ratio = 3.3 µm, L/Wratio = 3.7. Appressoria formed singly, medium brown, smoothwalled,subglobose, elliptical or clavate, the edge entire, rarelyslightly undulate, (4.5–)6–11(–13.5) × (3.5–)4.5–6.5(–7.5) µm, mean± SD = 8.3 ± 2.4 × 5.5 ± 1.0 µm, L/W ratio = 1.5.Asexual morph on Anthriscus stem. Conidiomata acervular,conidiophores formed on pale brown angular basal cells, 3–7 µmdiam. Setae not observed. Conidiophores hyaline to pale brown,smooth-walled, septate, branched, to 50 µm long. Conidiogenouscells hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical to ampulliform, sometimes80
The Colletotrichum acutatum species complexFig. 20. Colletotrichum nymphaea (from ex-epitype strain CBS 515.78). A–B. Conidiomata. C–G. Conidiophores. H–M. Appressoria. N–O. Conidia. A, C–D, N. from Anthriscusstem. B, E–M, O. from SNA. A–B. DM, C–O. DIC, Scale bars: A = 100 µm, C = 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies to A–B. Scale bar of C applies to C–O.polyphialidic, 10–20 × 3–4.5 µm, opening 1–2 µm diam, collarette0.5–1(–1.5) µm long, periclinal thickening visible, sometimesdistinct. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight,cylindrical with one end round and one end slightly acute to round,(9–)12–17(–20) × (3.5–)4–4.5(–5) µm, mean ± SD = 14.5 ± 2.3 ×4.2 ± 0.3 µm, L/W ratio = 3.5.Culture characteristics: Colonies on SNA flat with entire margin,hyaline to pale honey, on filter paper and Anthriscus stem partlycovered with floccose-felty white aerial mycelium, reverse samecolours; growth 20.5–21.5 mm in 7 d (27.5–32 mm in 10 d). Colonieson OA flat with entire margin; surface buff, honey to saffron, partlycovered with floccose-felty white aerial mycelium and saffron toisabelline acervuli, reverse buff, honey to rosy buff; growth 22–24mm in 7 d (34–34.5 mm in 10 d). Conidia in mass saffron.Material examined: Brazil, from peel of fruit of Cucumis melo, unknown collectorand collection date (isolated by H.A. van der Aa, No. 9014 and deposited in CBScollection 1 Mar. 1984), (CBS H-20785 holotype, culture ex-type CBS 159.84).Notes: Colletotrichum melonis belongs to clade 1 of the C.acutatum species complex but occupies a distinct subclade thatis supported by multiple genes. The sole strain that we are awareof has appressoria with a significantly larger length/width ratio thanthose of C. lupini (mean L/W = 1.5 versus 1.2), the most frequentlyencountered species of clade 1. These appressoria form singlyrather than in clusters.The pathogenicity of C. melonis is not known. This appears tobe the first report of a Colletotrichum species from the C. acutatumspecies complex as an associate of cucurbits. There are variousreports of disease caused by members of the C. boninense andC. gloeosporioides clades, but the principal cucurbit pathogensappear to be Glomerella magna and C. orbiculare (von Arx & vander Velden 1961, Jenkins & Winstead 1964, Du et al. 2005, Hydeet al. 2009, Cannon et al. 2012, this issue).Colletotrichum melonis is separated from other species byGAPDH, ACT and HIS3 sequences, with GAPDH performing best as adifferential gene, while the TUB2 sequence is the same as that of strainIMI 384185 (unnamed strain in clade 1). Closest matches in blastnsearch with the GAPDH sequence of strain CBS 159.84 (with 97 %identity, 6 bp differences) were EU168905, EU647318 and EU647319from sweet orange (Peres et al. 2008, MacKenzie et al. 2009), whilethe closest published matches with the TUB2 sequence (with 99 %identity, 4 bp differences) were FN611029 and FN611028 from Citrusaurantifolia and Citrus sinensis from USA, Florida (Ramos et al. 2006).The ITS sequence matched 100 % with EU008864–EU008866 fromMalus domestica in Brazil (Giaretta et al. 2010).Colletotrichum nymphaeae (Pass.) Aa, Netherlands J. Pl.Pathol., Supplement 1 84: 110. 1978. Fig. 20.Basionym: Ascochyta nymphaeae Pass., in Rabenh., FungiEuropaei edn 2: 2251 (1876, in sched.); Hedwigia 16: 120.1877.www.studiesinmycology.org81
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Studies in Mycology 73 (September 2
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Damm et al.Table 1. Strains of Coll
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Weir et al.Notes: First described f
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Cannon et al.In rare instances, Col
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Cannon et al.Table 1. (Continued).P
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Cannon et al.Hawksworth DL (2011).
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Studies in MycologyStudies in Mycol
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CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 11:Taxon
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
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