Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Damm et al.Fig. 15. Colletotrichum kinghornii (from ex-holotype strain CBS 198.35). A–J. Conidiophores. K–L. Conidia. H–K. from Anthriscus stem. A–G, L. from SNA. A–L. DIC, Scalebars: B = 10 µm. Scale bar of B applies to A–L.Material examined: UK, Scotland, from Phormium tenax, unknown collection date,N.L. Alcock (deposited in CBS collection Feb. 1935 by W.O. Kinghorn as Glomerellaphacidiomorpha), (CBS H-20909 holotype, culture ex-type CBS 198.35).Notes: Kinghorn (1936) worked on two strains isolated fromPhormium from material collected in Scotland by N.L. Alcock. Bothof these were identified as C. phormii by Farr et al. (2006). One ofthese is confirmed as C. phormii in this study, but we have foundthe other (CBS 198.35) to be distinct in molecular terms. Kinghornnamed his material Glomerella phacidiomorpha, but Farr et al.(2006) examined the type of that name and found it to be a speciesof Phaeosphaeriopsis.Colletotrichum kinghornii is one of the two species in the C.acutatum complex with the largest conidia; only those of C. phormiiare bigger. However, strain CBS 198.35 hardly sporulates, andthe conidia measured were mostly formed in the aerial mycelium.According to the molecular analyses, strain CBS 198.35 must beconsidered separate at species rank from C. phormii, with severalsequence differences in almost every gene, and a single bpdifference in the ITS sequence (this was not detected in the Farret al. study). Colletotrichum kinghornii is most effectively separatedfrom other species using HIS3.Closest match in blastn searches with the TUB2 sequenceof strain CBS 198.35 (with 98 % identity, 7 bp differences) wasGlomerella acutata isolate PCF 459 (EU635504) from strawberryin Belgium (Debode et al. 2009) and with 98 % identity (8 bpdifferences) isolate PT250 (= CBS 129953) AJ748624 from olivein Portugal (see A6-1) (Talhinhas et al. 2005). This last strainis assigned to C. rhombiforme in this study. With the GAPDHsequence of strain CBS 198.35 there was no closer match fromGenBank than with 86 % identity.Colletotrichum laticiphilum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous,sp. nov. MycoBank MB800505. Fig. 16.Etymology: latex = Greek for milk, latex and -philus = Greek forloving; referring to the economically significant feature of the hostplant.Sexual morph not observed. Asexual morph on SNA. Vegetativehyphae 1–7.5 µm diam, hyaline, smooth-walled, septate,branched. Chlamydospores not observed. Conidiomata notdeveloped, conidiophores formed directly on hyphae. Setaenot observed. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth-walled, simple orseptate and branched. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smoothwalled,ampulliform to conical, sometimes lacking a basal septumand continuous with the conidiophore, discrete phialides measuring6.5–15 × 3–4.5 µm, opening 1–1.5 µm diam, collarette 0.5–1.5 µmlong, periclinal thickening visible. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled,aseptate, straight, cylindrical with both ends ± acute or one endround and one end slightly acute, (9.5–)13.5–19.5(–25.5) × (3–)3.5–4(–4.5) µm, mean ± SD = 16.6 ± 3.1 × 3.8 ± 0.4 µm, L/W ratio= 4.4, conidia of CBS 129827 smaller, measuring (5–)8–15(–18.5)× (1.5–)2.5–4.5(–5.3) µm, mean ± SD = 11.5 ± 3.4 × 3.6 ± 0.9 µm,L/W ratio = 3.2. Appressoria single, medium brown, smooth-walled,subglobose, elliptical to clavate, the edge entire or rarely slightlyundulate, (5–)6.5–12(–16) × (4–)6–8(–8.5) µm, mean ± SD = 9.2± 2.8 × 7.2 ± 1.0 µm, L/W ratio = 1.3, appressoria of CBS 129827smaller, measuring (4–)5–7(–8) × (2.5–)3.5–5.5(–6) µm, mean ±SD = 6.0 ± 1.1 × 4.5 ± 0.8 µm, L/W ratio = 1.3.Asexual morph on Anthriscus stem. Conidiomata possiblyacervular, but no basal cells observed. Setae not observed.Conidiophores hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, simple orseptate and branched, to 25 µm long. Conidiogenous cells hyaline74
The Colletotrichum acutatum species complexFig. 16. Colletotrichum laticiphilum (from ex-holotype strain CBS 112989). A–B. Conidiomata. C–H. Conidiophores. I–L. Appressoria. M–N. Conidia. A, C–E, M. from Anthriscusstem. B, F–L, N. from SNA. A–B. DM, C–N. DIC, Scale bars: A = 100 µm, C = 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies to A–B. Scale bar of C applies to C–N.to pale brown, smooth-walled, ampulliform to cylindrical, 9–15 ×3.5–5.5 µm, opening 1–1.5 µm diam, collarette 0.5–1 µm long,periclinal thickening visible. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled,aseptate, straight, cylindrical with one end round and one endslightly acute, (10–)12–15(–19.5) × 4–5(–5.5) µm, mean ± SD =13.6 ± 1.7 × 4.5 ± 0.3 µm, L/W ratio = 3.0.Culture characteristics: Colonies on SNA flat with entire margin,hyaline to pale honey, filter paper pale olivaceous grey; growthrate 22.5 mm in 7 d (33.5 mm in 10 d). Colonies on OA flat withentire margin; surface white, buff to pale isabelline, covered withshort felty white aerial mycelium, reverse buff to honey; growthrate 22.5–23 mm in 7 d (32.5–35 mm in 10 d). Conidia in masswhitish.Material examined: India, Kerala, Kottayam, Rubber Research Institute campus,from raised spots on leaf of Hevea brasiliensis, 1999, unknown collector, (CBSH-20799 holotype, culture ex-type CBS 112989 = IMI 383015 = STE-U 5303 =CG 6). Colombia, Meta, Villavicencio, from leaf, anthracnose of Hevea brasiliensis,14 Aug. 2010, O. Castro, culture CBS 129827 = CH2.Notes: Colletotrichum leaf disease (CLD) has been considered to bea major cause of declining yields of Hevea brasiliensis in SoutheastAsia (Brown & Soepena 1994, Jayasinghe et al. 1997, Saha et al.2002). The pathogen was at first routinely identified as C. heveae(Petch 1906) and then assumed to be C. gloeosporioides (s. lat.)(Carpenter & Stevenson 1954, von Arx 1957).Jayasinghe and colleagues found that the majority of strainsexamined from Sri Lanka belonged to C. acutatum (s. lat.), andSaha et al. (2002) reported this species from India as well; it is likelythat similar strains are widespread in the region. Saha et al. (2002)revealed that C. acutatum (s. lat.) causes the raised spot symptom,while C. gloeosporioides (s. lat.) causes both anthracnose andpapery lesions on Hevea leaves in India. In a study from Sri Lanka,Thambugala & Deshappriya (2009) found that C. acutatum causeslarger lesions and can act synergistically in combination with C.gloeosporioides to cause CLD. Strain IMI 383015 is one of thestrains causing the raised spots on Hevea leaves in India. It wasincluded in the study of Saha et al. (2002) and also in the study ofLubbe et al. (2004), who generated its ITS and TUB2 sequences.The TUB2 sequence of strain IMI 383015 (AY376556) was alsoincluded in the TUB2 phylogeny by Shivas & Tan (2009); the strainwas identified there as C. simmonsii.It is necessary to consider the possible conspecificity of C.laticiphilum with three previously described taxa, all publishedby Petch in the same paper (Petch 1906) from collections madefrom Hevea in Sri Lanka. These were named as C. heveae,Gloeosporium heveae [nomenclaturally unrelated to C. heveae]and Gm. alborubrum. All three species were regarded as synonymsof C. gloeosporioides by von Arx (1957).Colletotrichum heveae was described with very wide conidia,measuring 18–24 × 7.5–8 µm (Petch 1906), larger than any ofthe species in the C. acutatum species complex, and possiblywww.studiesinmycology.org75
Page 1:
Studies in Mycology 73 (September 2
Page 5 and 6:
Colletotrichum: complex species or
Page 10 and 11:
Damm et al.Table 1. Strains of Coll
Page 12 and 13:
Damm et al.Table 1. (Continued).Gen
Page 14 and 15:
Damm et al.combined sequence datase
Page 16 and 17:
Damm et al.Fig. 2. Colletotrichum a
Page 19 and 20:
The Colletotrichum boninense specie
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32: The Colletotrichum boninense specie
Page 45 and 46: available online at www.studiesinmy
Page 47 and 48: The Colletotrichum acutatum species
Page 81: The Colletotrichum acutatum species
Page 91: The Colletotrichum acutatum species
Page 94 and 95: Damm et al.µm diam. Setae not obse
Page 96 and 97: Damm et al.Table 2. Conidia measure
Page 98 and 99: Damm et al.Table 2. (Continued).Spe
Page 100 and 101: Damm et al.Table 3. Appressoria mea
Page 102 and 103: Damm et al.Fig. 25. Colletotrichum
Page 114 and 115: Damm et al.to olivaceous grey, filt
Page 116 and 117: Damm et al.are formed directly from
Page 118 and 119: Damm et al.Arx JA von (1957). Die A
Page 120 and 121: Damm et al.Masaba DM, Waller JM (19
Page 122 and 123: 114
Page 124 and 125: Weir et al.grass-inhabiting species
Page 126 and 127: Weir et al.Table 1. A list of strai
Page 128 and 129: Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
Page 130 and 131: Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
Page 132 and 133:
Weir et al.Table 2. Primers used in
Page 134 and 135:
Weir et al.11ICMP 17789 Malus USA1I
Page 136 and 137:
Weir et al.Kahawae cladeC. alataeC.
Page 138 and 139:
Weir et al.A0.991ICMP 17905 Coffea
Page 140 and 141:
Weir et al.Conidial width variation
Page 142 and 143:
Weir et al.G. c.“f.sp. camelliae
Page 144 and 145:
Weir et al.Fig. 10. Colletotrichum
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Weir et al.Fig. 18. Glomerella cing
Page 156 and 157:
Weir et al.images under C. fructico
Page 158 and 159:
Weir et al.Specimen examined: Thail
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Weir et al.Notes: First described f
Page 164 and 165:
Weir et al.gossypii var. cephalospo
Page 166 and 167:
Weir et al.to utilise either citrat
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Weir et al.(ex-epitype culture CBS
Page 172 and 173:
Weir et al.of this species to C. ps
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Weir et al.Table 4. Performance of
Page 186 and 187:
Weir et al.Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpe
Page 188 and 189:
Weir et al.Simmonds JH (1968). Type
Page 190 and 191:
Cannon et al.182
Page 192 and 193:
Cannon et al.In rare instances, Col
Page 194 and 195:
Cannon et al.Table 1. Summary of pr
Page 196 and 197:
Cannon et al.Table 1. (Continued).P
Page 198 and 199:
Cannon et al.Table 2. Colletotrichu
Page 200 and 201:
Cannon et al.as did those for Colle
Page 202 and 203:
Cannon et al.Table 3. Authentic seq
Page 204 and 205:
Cannon et al.Table 3. (Continued).S
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Cannon et al.110.74 C. cuscutae IMI
Page 212 and 213:
Cannon et al.Boninense cladeThe bon
Page 214 and 215:
Cannon et al.C. lindemuthianum AB08
Page 216 and 217:
Cannon et al.A further important ac
Page 218 and 219:
Cannon et al.Hawksworth DL (2011).
Page 220 and 221:
Cannon et al.Rodríguez-Guerra R, R
Page 223 and 224:
Studies in MycologyStudies in Mycol
Page 225 and 226:
CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 11:Taxon
Page 227:
Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
show all

Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?