Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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Weir et al.images under C. fructicola). Wollenweber & Hochapfel (1949) usedthe name Gloeosporium elasticae Cooke & Massee for the conidialstate of G. cingulata var. minor, the type specimens for both namesbeing from Ficus.See also notes under C. queenslandicum.Specimen examined: Germany, Berlin-Dahlem, from Ficus edulis leaf spot, May1936 (ex-holotype culture of G. cingulata var. minor – CBS 238.49 = ICMP 17921).Glomerella cingulata var. migrans Wollenw., Z. Parasitenk.(Berlin) 14: 262. 1949.Notes: Placed here in synonymy with C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro,see notes under this species.Specimen examined: Germany, Berlin-Dahlem, on stem of Hypericum perforatum,Jun. 1937 (ex-holotype culture of Glomerella cingulata var. migrans – CBS 237.49= ICMP 17922).Glomerella cingulata “var. orbiculare” Jenkins & Winstead,Phytopathology 52: 15. 1962.Notes: Listed in Index Fungorum, this name was mentionedin an abstract, but is invalid (no Latin description) and neverformally published. It was being used to refer to the teleomorph ofColletotrichum orbiculare, not part of the C. gloeosporioides complex(Cannon et al. 2012, this issue). Glomerella lagenaria (Pass.)F. Stevens, a recombination of the anamorphic name Fusariumlagenarium Pass., has also been used to refer to this teleomorph.Correll et al. (1993) comment on the pathogenicity of cucurbitassociatedstrains that form a Glomerella state in culture, suggestinga degree of confusion around the application of these names.Glomerella cingulata “f. sp. phaseoli” (Kimati & Galli 1970).Notes: Both G. cingulata “f. sp. phaseoli” (e.g. Castro et al. 2006)and Glomerella lindemuthiana (e.g. Rodríguez-Guerra et al. 2005,as G. lindemuthianum) have been used for the teleomorph ofColletotrichum lindemuthianum in the recent literature, the twonames placed in synonymy by Sutton (1992). This fungus is not partof the C. gloeosporioides complex (Cannon et al. 2012, this issue).Glomerella cingulata var. sorghicola Saccas, Agron. Trop.(Maracay). 9: 171. 1954.Notes: Not a member of the C. gloeosporioides complex. Sutton(1992) suggested using this name to refer to the teleomorph ofColletotrichum sublineola, although Crouch et al. (2006) note thatC. sublineola has no known teleomorph.* Colletotrichum clidemiae B. Weir & P.R. Johnst. sp. nov.MycoBank MB563592. Figs 20, 21.= Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. clidemiae” (Trujillo et al. 1986).Etymology: Based on the host reportedly susceptible to this species.Holotype: USA, Hawai’i, Aiea, on Clidemia hirta leaf spot, coll. S.A.Ferreira & K. Pitz, 14 May 2010, PDD 101997; ex-type cultureICMP 18658.Colonies grown from single conidia on Difco PDA 25 mm diam after10 d, aerial mycelium grey, cottony, sparse, surface of colony withnumerous small, dark-based acervuli with deep orange conidialooze and scattered setae, in reverse more or less colourless exceptfor the acervuli and masses of conidial ooze showing through. After18 d numerous globose, pale walled protoperithecia developingnear centre of colony. Conidia (16−)18−20(−26.5) × (4.5−)5.5−6µm (av. 19.3 × 5.5 µm, n = 48), broad-cylindric, ends broadlyrounded, longer conidia sometimes tapering slightly towards thebase. Appressoria variable in shape, some simple, subglobose,but often with a small number of broad, irregular lobes. Peritheciamature after about 21 d, dark-walled, about 200–250 µm diam withshort ostiolar neck, perithecial wall of 3–4 layers of angular cells10–15 µm diam with walls thin, pale brown to brown. Asci 8-spored60–67 × 10–14 µm. Ascospores (14–)15.5–19(–21.5) × 4.5–5.5(–6.5) µm (av. 17.2 × 5.0 µm, n = 46), oblong-elliptic, tapering torounded ends, widest point toward one end, in side view flat on oneside, rarely curved and if so, then slightly.Geographic distribution and host range: First reported fromClidemia, native to Panama, and subsequently introduced toHawai’i as a pathogen of that host. Genetically matching isolatesoccur on native Vitis and Quercus spp. in Florida (see notes below).Genetic identification: ITS sequences do not separate C. clidemiaefrom C. aotearoa. The two species are best distinguished usingACT, GAPDH, or GS.Notes: Isolates referred to C. gloeosporioides “f. sp. clidemiae” byTrujillo et al. (1986) were highly pathogenic to Clidemia, but not tothe other species of Melastomataceae tested. No voucher culturesof the original isolates collected from Panama were kept, butrecent specimens isolated from naturalised Clidemia hirta plants inHawai’i with typical disease symptoms are genetically uniform anddistinct within the Kahawae clade. Phylogenetic, biological, andmorphological evidence support this fungus being described as anew species within the C. gloeosporioides complex.A fungus isolated from a Vitis sp. in Florida and referred to as“Glomerella cingulata native host” by MacKenzie et al. (2007), isgenetically close to our isolates from Clidemia and is here referredto the same species. Data in MacKenzie et al. (2007) shows thesame fungus occurs on both Vitis and Quercus in Florida. Micromorphologicallythe isolates from Clidemia and from Vitis thatwe examined are similar with respect to the size and shape ofappressoria, conidia, and ascospores. They are distinct in culturalappearance, the cultures of the Vitis-associated fungus havingaerial mycelium darker and more dense, and a faster growth rate.Similar variation in cultural appearance is present in several of thephylogenetically defined species that we recognise. Whether ornot the Clidemia-associated isolates are biologically distinct fromthe Vitis- and Quercus-associated isolates from Florida requirespathogenicity tests to determine.Other specimens examined: USA, Florida, Sarasota, on Vitis sp. leaf, coll. S.MacKenzie SS-Grape-12, 2002 (ICMP 18706); Hawai’i, Aiea, on Clidemia hirta leafspot, coll. S.A. Ferreira & K. Pitz, 14 May 2010 (ICMP 18659, ICMP 18660, ICMP18661, ICMP 18662, ICMP 18663).Colletotrichum coffeanum F. Noak, Z. Pflanzenkrankh. 11:202. 1901.Notes: Waller et al. (1993) discussed the use of the namesColletotrichum coffeanum and Gloeosporium coffeanum Delacr.and the geographic and biological differences between these148
The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complexFig. 20. Colletotrichum clidemiae. A, B, E. ICMP 18658 – ex-holotype culture. C, D. ICMP 18706. A, D. Appressoria. B, C. Asci and ascospores. E. Conidia. Scale bar C = 20µm. Scale bar of C applies to A–E.species and the pathogen of coffee berries, C. kahawae. Both C.coffeanum and G. coffeanum were described from leaves of coffee,the two species distinguished by Noak (1901) by the presenceor absence of setae in the acervuli. There is a wide range of C.gloeosporioides-like species on coffee plants (see Waller et al.1993 and notes under C. kahawae) and the relationships of C.coffeanum and G. coffeanum within the C. gloeosporioides speciescomplex remain uncertain.www.studiesinmycology.org149
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Studies in Mycology 73 (September 2
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Colletotrichum: complex species or
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The Colletotrichum boninense specie
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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Damm et al.Fig. 25. Colletotrichum
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Damm et al.Fig. 26. Colletotrichum
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Cannon et al.110.74 C. cuscutae IMI
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Studies in MycologyStudies in Mycol
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CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 11:Taxon
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
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