Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Damm et al.Fig. 19. Colletotrichum melonis (from ex-holotype strain CBS 159.84). A–B. Conidiomata. C–H. Conidiophores. I–N. Appressoria. O–P. Conidia. A, C–E, O. from Anthriscusstem. B, F–N, P. from SNA. A–B. DM, C–P. DIC, Scale bars: A = 100 µm, C = 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies to A–B. Scale bar of C applies to C–P.Colletotrichum lupini is an economically significant pathogenof lupin crops worldwide, and there is substantial interest inbreeding resistant host cultivars (e.g. Adhikari et al. 2011). WhileC. lupini shows a clear host preference based on the strains wehave examined, a few cultures were derived from hosts otherthan lupins, namely from Manihot, Camellia and Cinnamomum.Sreenivasaprasad & Talhinhas (2005) also listed Urtica dioicaas a host. A study by Nirenberg & Gerlach (2000) showed thata strain of C. lupini var. setosum was able to infect Bergenia ingreenhouse tests. Pathogenicity tests by Sreenivasaprasad &Talhinhas (2005) also failed to show host specificity of C. acutatumstrains from lupins (= C. lupini), though Lardner et al. (1999) foundthat the strains they placed in C. acutatum Group D (now known tobelong to C. lupini) did not infect pine seedlings in the manner of C.acutatum f. sp. pineum (now regarded as C. acutatum s. str.). Thestrain from Camellia in the UK (IMI 351261) was deposited 1992 inIMI by R. Cook and is most likely one of the avirulent C. acutatumstrains reported from ornamental Camellia species by Dickens andCook (1989).Our phylogeny clearly supports C. lupini as a distinct specieswithin the C. acutatum species complex. Colletotrichum lupini isseparated from other species by all genes included, except for ACT,with TUB2 providing the best differential test.Colletotrichum melonis Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, sp.nov. MycoBank MB800506. Fig. 19.Etymology: Named after host plant, Cucumis melo.Sexual morph not observed. Asexual morph on SNA. Vegetativehyphae 1–6.5 µm diam, hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, branched.Chlamydospores not observed. Conidiomata not developed,conidiophores formed directly from vegetative hyphae. Setae notobserved. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, branched,degenerating rapidly. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth-walled,cylindrical to ampulliform, 7–19 × 2.5–4 µm, opening 1–1.5 µmdiam, collarette 1–1.5 µm long, periclinal thickening visible. Conidiahyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight, some slightly curved,cylindrical with one end round and one end slightly acute to round,rarely both ends acute, (7–)9–16.5(–23.5) × (3–)3.5–4.5(–5) µm,mean ± SD = 12.8 ± 3.6 × 3.9 ± 0.4 µm, L/W ratio = 3.3 µm, L/Wratio = 3.7. Appressoria formed singly, medium brown, smoothwalled,subglobose, elliptical or clavate, the edge entire, rarelyslightly undulate, (4.5–)6–11(–13.5) × (3.5–)4.5–6.5(–7.5) µm, mean± SD = 8.3 ± 2.4 × 5.5 ± 1.0 µm, L/W ratio = 1.5.Asexual morph on Anthriscus stem. Conidiomata acervular,conidiophores formed on pale brown angular basal cells, 3–7 µmdiam. Setae not observed. Conidiophores hyaline to pale brown,smooth-walled, septate, branched, to 50 µm long. Conidiogenouscells hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical to ampulliform, sometimes80
The Colletotrichum acutatum species complexFig. 20. Colletotrichum nymphaea (from ex-epitype strain CBS 515.78). A–B. Conidiomata. C–G. Conidiophores. H–M. Appressoria. N–O. Conidia. A, C–D, N. from Anthriscusstem. B, E–M, O. from SNA. A–B. DM, C–O. DIC, Scale bars: A = 100 µm, C = 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies to A–B. Scale bar of C applies to C–O.polyphialidic, 10–20 × 3–4.5 µm, opening 1–2 µm diam, collarette0.5–1(–1.5) µm long, periclinal thickening visible, sometimesdistinct. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight,cylindrical with one end round and one end slightly acute to round,(9–)12–17(–20) × (3.5–)4–4.5(–5) µm, mean ± SD = 14.5 ± 2.3 ×4.2 ± 0.3 µm, L/W ratio = 3.5.Culture characteristics: Colonies on SNA flat with entire margin,hyaline to pale honey, on filter paper and Anthriscus stem partlycovered with floccose-felty white aerial mycelium, reverse samecolours; growth 20.5–21.5 mm in 7 d (27.5–32 mm in 10 d). Colonieson OA flat with entire margin; surface buff, honey to saffron, partlycovered with floccose-felty white aerial mycelium and saffron toisabelline acervuli, reverse buff, honey to rosy buff; growth 22–24mm in 7 d (34–34.5 mm in 10 d). Conidia in mass saffron.Material examined: Brazil, from peel of fruit of Cucumis melo, unknown collectorand collection date (isolated by H.A. van der Aa, No. 9014 and deposited in CBScollection 1 Mar. 1984), (CBS H-20785 holotype, culture ex-type CBS 159.84).Notes: Colletotrichum melonis belongs to clade 1 of the C.acutatum species complex but occupies a distinct subclade thatis supported by multiple genes. The sole strain that we are awareof has appressoria with a significantly larger length/width ratio thanthose of C. lupini (mean L/W = 1.5 versus 1.2), the most frequentlyencountered species of clade 1. These appressoria form singlyrather than in clusters.The pathogenicity of C. melonis is not known. This appears tobe the first report of a Colletotrichum species from the C. acutatumspecies complex as an associate of cucurbits. There are variousreports of disease caused by members of the C. boninense andC. gloeosporioides clades, but the principal cucurbit pathogensappear to be Glomerella magna and C. orbiculare (von Arx & vander Velden 1961, Jenkins & Winstead 1964, Du et al. 2005, Hydeet al. 2009, Cannon et al. 2012, this issue).Colletotrichum melonis is separated from other species byGAPDH, ACT and HIS3 sequences, with GAPDH performing best as adifferential gene, while the TUB2 sequence is the same as that of strainIMI 384185 (unnamed strain in clade 1). Closest matches in blastnsearch with the GAPDH sequence of strain CBS 159.84 (with 97 %identity, 6 bp differences) were EU168905, EU647318 and EU647319from sweet orange (Peres et al. 2008, MacKenzie et al. 2009), whilethe closest published matches with the TUB2 sequence (with 99 %identity, 4 bp differences) were FN611029 and FN611028 from Citrusaurantifolia and Citrus sinensis from USA, Florida (Ramos et al. 2006).The ITS sequence matched 100 % with EU008864–EU008866 fromMalus domestica in Brazil (Giaretta et al. 2010).Colletotrichum nymphaeae (Pass.) Aa, Netherlands J. Pl.Pathol., Supplement 1 84: 110. 1978. Fig. 20.Basionym: Ascochyta nymphaeae Pass., in Rabenh., FungiEuropaei edn 2: 2251 (1876, in sched.); Hedwigia 16: 120.1877.www.studiesinmycology.org81
Page 1:
Studies in Mycology 73 (September 2
Page 5 and 6:
Colletotrichum: complex species or
Page 10 and 11:
Damm et al.Table 1. Strains of Coll
Page 12 and 13:
Damm et al.Table 1. (Continued).Gen
Page 14 and 15:
Damm et al.combined sequence datase
Page 16 and 17:
Damm et al.Fig. 2. Colletotrichum a
Page 19 and 20:
The Colletotrichum boninense specie
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38: The Colletotrichum boninense specie
Page 45 and 46: available online at www.studiesinmy
Page 47 and 48: The Colletotrichum acutatum species
Page 87: The Colletotrichum acutatum species
Page 91: The Colletotrichum acutatum species
Page 94 and 95: Damm et al.µm diam. Setae not obse
Page 96 and 97: Damm et al.Table 2. Conidia measure
Page 98 and 99: Damm et al.Table 2. (Continued).Spe
Page 100 and 101: Damm et al.Table 3. Appressoria mea
Page 102 and 103: Damm et al.Fig. 25. Colletotrichum
Page 114 and 115: Damm et al.to olivaceous grey, filt
Page 116 and 117: Damm et al.are formed directly from
Page 118 and 119: Damm et al.Arx JA von (1957). Die A
Page 120 and 121: Damm et al.Masaba DM, Waller JM (19
Page 122 and 123: 114
Page 124 and 125: Weir et al.grass-inhabiting species
Page 126 and 127: Weir et al.Table 1. A list of strai
Page 128 and 129: Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
Page 130 and 131: Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
Page 132 and 133: Weir et al.Table 2. Primers used in
Page 134 and 135: Weir et al.11ICMP 17789 Malus USA1I
Page 136 and 137: Weir et al.Kahawae cladeC. alataeC.
Page 138 and 139:
Weir et al.A0.991ICMP 17905 Coffea
Page 140 and 141:
Weir et al.Conidial width variation
Page 142 and 143:
Weir et al.G. c.“f.sp. camelliae
Page 144 and 145:
Weir et al.Fig. 10. Colletotrichum
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Weir et al.Fig. 18. Glomerella cing
Page 156 and 157:
Weir et al.images under C. fructico
Page 158 and 159:
Weir et al.Specimen examined: Thail
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Weir et al.Notes: First described f
Page 164 and 165:
Weir et al.gossypii var. cephalospo
Page 166 and 167:
Weir et al.to utilise either citrat
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Weir et al.(ex-epitype culture CBS
Page 172 and 173:
Weir et al.of this species to C. ps
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Weir et al.Table 4. Performance of
Page 186 and 187:
Weir et al.Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpe
Page 188 and 189:
Weir et al.Simmonds JH (1968). Type
Page 190 and 191:
Cannon et al.182
Page 192 and 193:
Cannon et al.In rare instances, Col
Page 194 and 195:
Cannon et al.Table 1. Summary of pr
Page 196 and 197:
Cannon et al.Table 1. (Continued).P
Page 198 and 199:
Cannon et al.Table 2. Colletotrichu
Page 200 and 201:
Cannon et al.as did those for Colle
Page 202 and 203:
Cannon et al.Table 3. Authentic seq
Page 204 and 205:
Cannon et al.Table 3. (Continued).S
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Cannon et al.110.74 C. cuscutae IMI
Page 212 and 213:
Cannon et al.Boninense cladeThe bon
Page 214 and 215:
Cannon et al.C. lindemuthianum AB08
Page 216 and 217:
Cannon et al.A further important ac
Page 218 and 219:
Cannon et al.Hawksworth DL (2011).
Page 220 and 221:
Cannon et al.Rodríguez-Guerra R, R
Page 223 and 224:
Studies in MycologyStudies in Mycol
Page 225 and 226:
CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 11:Taxon
Page 227:
Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
show all

Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?