Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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Weir et al.(ex-epitype culture CBS 116870). Su et al. (2011) cite severalstrains from Thailand that match their concept of C. musae, andisolates from anthracnose symptoms on banana fruit from severalparts of the world are the same based on our study. Theseisolates form a well-supported clade within the C. gloeosporioidesspecies complex, show low levels of genetic differentiation, andbased on ITS sequences are consistent with C. musae sensuSreenivasaprasad et al. (1996), Nirenberg et al. (2002) and Shenoyet al. (2007). The morphology in culture agrees with the descriptionof Sutton & Waterston (1970).We have not seen a Glomerella state in culture and none wasmentioned by Su et al. (2011). However, Rodriguez & Owen (1992)reported rare production of perithecia from crosses between twoof 14 isolates identified as C. musae. It is not known whether theisolates studied by Rodriguez & Owen (1992) match our concept ofC. musae genetically, but it is possible that this species behaves in asimilar way to some species in the C. acutatum complex, where thesexual morph can be generated in culture under suitable conditions(Guerber & Correll 2001). The name “Glomerella musae”, used byRodriguez & Owen (1992) and Krauss et al. (2001), has never beenvalidly published.More than one species of Colletotrichum has been foundin association with rotting banana fruit. From isolates with wellcharacterised sequence data these include a species belonging toC. acutatum s. lat. (Sherriff et al. 1994, Johnston & Jones 1997) thatis described as C. paxtonii (Damm et al. 2012a, this issue), and C.karstii that belongs to the C. boninense species complex (Damm etal. 2012b, this issue). The latter forms a sexual stage in culture andis known from Musa in South America and Australia, as well as frommany other hosts worldwide, often as an endophyte. Species in the C.boninense species complex have been previously confused with C.gloeosporioides s. lat. Greene (1967) referred isolates pathogenic tobanana that were not associated with a teleomorph to C. musae, anda second non-pathogenic species that formed fertile ascospores, toC. gloeosporioides. Whether Glomerella musarum Petch, describedfrom leaves of banana and cited as the teleomorph of C. musae bySutton (1992) and Hyde et al. (2009), is a synonym of C. musae inthe sense we use the name here is not known, but seems unlikelygiven the rare production of perithecia by this species.Specimens examined: Indonesia, on Musa sp., coll. G. von Becze, Jan. 1931 (CBS192.31 = ICMP 17923). Kenya, on Musa sapientum, coll. R.M. Nattrass 1850, 1Jan. 1953 (IMI 52264 = ICMP 17817). New Zealand, Auckland (imported fruit), onMusa sp., coll. P.R. Johnston C1197.1, 24 May 1991 (ICMP 12931; PDD 59100);Auckland (fruit imported from the Phillipines), on Musa sp., coll. S. Bellgard, 5 May2009 (ICMP 18600); Auckland, Mt Albert Research Centre, Musa sp. spots on greenfruit, coll. P.R. Johnston C809.2, 12 Aug. 1987 (ICMP 12930; PDD 46160); Auckland(fruit imported from the Phillipines), on Musa sp., coll. B. Weir, 17 May 2009 (ICMP18701; PDD 97438). USA, Florida, on Musa sp., coll. M. Arzanlou A-1 (ex-epitypeculture of C. musae – CBS 116870 = ICMP 19119).Glomerella musarum Petch, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.Peradeniya 6(3): 223. 1917.Notes: See notes under C. musae.* Colletotrichum nupharicola D.A. Johnson, Carris & J.D.Rogers, Mycol. Res. 101: 647. 1997. Fig. 29.Johnson et al. (1997) provide a description.Geographic distribution and host range: Known only from the USA,on the aquatic plants Nuphar and Nymphaea spp.Genetic identification: One of the two ITS haplotypes of C.nupharicola is identical with C. queenslandicum. All othergenes distinguish this species well from other species in the C.gloeosporioides complex.Notes: Sequence data from the ex-holotype culture of C. nupharicolaplaces it within the C. gloeosporioides complex, genetically close toC. fructicola and C. alienum in the Musae clade. This apparentlyhost-specific species and has a distinctive, slow growth in cultureand massive conidia (Johnson et al. 1997).Johnson et al. (1997) compare C. nupharicola with anotherwater plant pathogen, C. nymphaeae, that is epitypified and shownto belong to the C. acutatum species complex by Damm et al.(2012a, this issue).Specimens examined: USA, Washington, King Co., on Nuphar lutea subsp.polysepala, coll. D.A. Johnson A-7, Oct. 1993 (CBS 469.96 = ICMP 17938);Washington, Yakima Co., on N. lutea subsp. polysepala, coll. D.A. Johnson A-2,Oct. 1993 (ex-holotype culture − CBS 470.96 = ICMP 17939); Rhode Island, onNymphaea ordorata, coll. R.D. Goos RDG-291, 1979 (CBS 472.96 = ICMP 18187).Gloeosporium pedemontanum Pupillo, Ann. Sperim. Agrar.n.s. 6: 57. 1952.Notes: Placed here in synonymy with C. gloeosporioides. Seenotes under C. gloeosporioides.Specimen examined: Italy, on Citrus limon juice, coll. G. Goidánich, 1951 (exholotypeculture of G. pedemontanum – CBS 273.51 = ICMP 19121).* Colletotrichum psidii Curzi, Atti dell’Istituto Botanicodell’Università di Pavia, ser. 3, 3: 207. 1927. Fig. 30.Colonies grown from single conidia on Difco PDA 58–63 mm diamafter 10 d, aerial mycelium dense, cottony to felted, uniform inheight, white to off-white; in reverse uniformly pale creamy yellow(2A2–2A3) or in some cultures becoming dull greyish yellow (2D2–2E2) towards the centre. No conidiogenous cells or conidia seen.Geographic distribution and host range: Known from a singleisolate, from Psidium from Italy.Genetic identification: Although known from only one isolate, ITSsequences separate C. psidii from all other taxa.Notes: A putatively authentic isolate of this species, depositedin CBS by Curzi shortly after publication of C. psidii, representsa genetically distinct species within the Kahawae clade. The onlyavailable culture is stale, no longer forming conidia. Curzi (1927)describes the conidia as 12–15 × 3.5–4.5 µm, cylindric withrounded ends, straight or rarely slightly curved.Anthracnose diseases have been noted for Psidium spp.(guava) from several tropical regions of the world (e.g. MacCaughey1917, Venkatakrishniah 1952, Liu 1972, Misra 2004). It is likely thatseveral Colletotrichum spp. are associated with guava fruit rots.Whether the fungus described by Curzi from an Italian botanicalgarden represents one of the species causing a guava disease inthe tropics is not known. All other members of the Kahawae cladeare predominantly tropical, so perhaps this fungus was introducedto Italy along with its host plant. Misra (2004) uses C. psidii to referto a Colletotrichum species with curved conidia.One other species has been described from this host,Glomerella psidii (basionym Gloeosporium psidii), the relationship162
The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complexFig. 29. Colletotrichum nupharicola. A. ICMP 17939 (ex CBS 470.96 – ex-holotype culture). B. ICMP 17938 (ex CBS 469.96). C. ICMP 18187 (ex CBS 472.96). Cultures onPDA, 10 d growth from single conidia, from above and below.Fig. 30. Colletotrichum psidii (ICMP 19120,ex CBS 145.29 – authentic culture).Cultures on PDA, 10 d growth from singlehyphal tips, from above and below.www.studiesinmycology.org163
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Colletotrichum: complex species or
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Damm et al.Arx JA von (1957). Die A
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