Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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Damm et al.Fig. 12. Colletotrichum guajavae (from ex-holotype strain IMI 350839). A–B. Conidiomata. C. Seta. D–H. Conidiophores. I–N. Appressoria. O–P. Conidia. A, C–E, O. fromAnthriscus stem. B, F–N, P. from SNA. A–B. DM, C–P. DIC, Scale bars: A = 100 µm, D = 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies to A–B. Scale bar of D applies to C–P.agar and resembled Glomerella. The Gloeosporium stage it links tomay well fall within the C. acutatum complex: Gm. psidii, describedfrom Psidium pomiferi (= Psidium guajava) in Mexico, formsellipsoidal-ovoid conidia measuring 10–16 × 4–6 µm (Saccardo1906); its conidia are thus broader than those of C. guajavae.Gloeosporium fructus-psidii was found on fruits of Psidium in SaoPaulo, Brazil, and was described as forming oblong, subfusoid toclavate, hyaline conidia, measuring 14–20 × 5–6 µm (Saccardo etal. 1931). The shape of the conidia of that species points also at theC. acutatum complex, however, there is no species in this complexwith conidia on average generally wider than 5 µm. Conidia of C.guajavae are substantially smaller, measuring on average 13.4 ×3.5 µm on SNA and 14.6 × 3.8 µm on Anthriscus stem.Peres et al. (2002) isolated C. acutatum (s. lat.) from a guava fruitin Brazil. It caused lesions on guava fruits that were slightly largerthan those caused by a C. acutatum (s. lat.) isolate from strawberry.Based on the ITS sequences they generated, the isolates from guavaand strawberry from Brazil belong to the same major clade as C.guajavae; the ITS sequence is in fact identical to that of C. guajavae,but also the same as a number of other species in this complex,making an identification to species level impossible without additionalinformation. Based on a phylogeny from combined GAPDH and GSsequences in the study by Guerber et al. (2003), both strains belongto clade D (= clade 2 in this study), but not to the same subclade.The GAPDH sequence generated in Guerber et al. (2003) differsin 5 bp from that of C. guajavae ex-holotype strain IMI 350839. Astrain from guava from New Zealand, included in the same study,belongs to clade J3 sensu Guerber et al. (2003) (= C. acutatum s.str.). Apart from C. acutatum s. lat. and C. psidii, Farr & Rossman(2012) list reports from Psidium for C. coccodes in Myanmar, C.gloeosporioides in Brazil, China, Cuba, India, Mexico, Puerto Rico,South Africa, USA, Virgin Islands and Mexico, and Colletotrichumsp. in Brazil, Jamaica and Mexico; it is possible that some of thesereports should be referred to C. guajavae.Colletotrichum guajavae can be distinguished from otherspecies of clade 2 of the C. acutatum complex using TUB2,GAPDH and ACT sequences, most effectively with GAPDH. Withdata from GAPDH alone the species sits within the very variableC. nymphaeae cluster. With TUB2 and ACT there is only 1 bpdifference between C. guajavae and C. scovillei, while CHS-1 and HIS3 sequences are the same as those of C. scovillei.Colletotrichum guajavae is not reliably distinguishable from thesespecies using morphological characteristics. Blastn searcheswith the GAPDH sequence of strain CBS 853.73 shows 100 %identity with HM038337 from Colletotrichum sp. isolate MFU 090624 from Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube) from Laos (Phoulivong etal. 2010), and it is therefore probable that this strain also belongsto C. guajavae. The closest match with the TUB2 sequence ofstrain CBS 853.73, with 100 % identity, was GU246633 fromisolate R14 from Capsicum annuum from South Korea (Sang etal. 2011). We identify that isolate as C. scovillei; the availablesequence does not include the region containing the singlenucleotide polymorphism that distinguishes TUB2 sequences ofC. guajavae and C. scovillei.70
The Colletotrichum acutatum species complexFig. 13. Colletotrichum indonesiense (from ex-holotype strain CBS 127551). A–B. Conidiomata. C–G. Conidiophores. H–M. Appressoria. N–O. Conidia. A, C–E, N. fromAnthriscus stem. B, F–M, O. from SNA. A–B. DM, C–O. DIC, Scale bars: A = 100 µm, C = 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies to A–B. Scale bar of C applies to C–O.Colletotrichum indonesiense Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous,sp. nov. MycoBank MB800502. Fig. 13.Etymology: Named after the country of origin, Indonesia.Sexual morph not observed. Asexual morph on SNA. Vegetativehyphae 1–7 µm diam, hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, branched.Chlamydospores not observed. Conidiomata not developed,conidiophores formed directly on hyphae. Setae not observed.Conidiophores hyaline, smooth-walled, simple or septate andbranched, to 40 µm long. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smoothwalled,cylindrical to ± inflated, 8–21 × 2–3.5 µm, opening 1–1.5µm diam, collarette 1–1.5 µm long, periclinal thickening distinct.Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight, cylindrical withone end round and one end acute, (8–)10–14.5(–18) × (2.5–)3.5–4(–4.5) µm, mean ± SD = 12.3 ± 2.4 × 3.8 ± 0.3 µm, L/W ratio= 3.2. Appressoria single, pale to medium brown, smooth-walled,elliptical, to subglobose in outline, the edge entire, sometimesundulate, 5.5–9(–14.5) × (5–)5.5–7.5(–9) µm, mean ± SD = 7.5 ±1.8 × 6.3 ± 1.0 µm, L/W ratio = 1.2.Asexual morph on Anthriscus stem. Conidiomata acervular,conidiophores formed on pale brown, angular, basal cells 2.5–6 µmdiam. Setae not observed. Conidiophores hyaline to pale brown,smooth-walled, septate, branched, to 60 µm long. Conidiogenouscells hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, cylindrical, sometimes± inflated, 9–25 × 2–4 µm, opening 1–1.5 µm diam, collarette1–1.5 µm long, periclinal thickening visible. Conidia hyaline,smooth-walled, aseptate, straight, cylindrical to fusiform with bothends acute, (10.5–)13–17.5(–19) × (3–)3.5–4 µm, mean ± SD =15.4 ± 2.2 × 3.7 ± 0.2 µm, L/W ratio = 4.1.Culture characteristics: Colonies on SNA flat, partly raised withentire margin, hyaline, buff to pale honey, on medium, filter paperand Anthriscus stem partly covered with irregular white aerialmycelium, Anthriscus stem partly covered with orange acervuli,reverse hyaline, white, buff to cinnamon, filter paper partlyolivaceous grey; growth rate 18.5–20 mm in 7 d (30–31 mm in 10d). Colonies on OA flat, partly raised with entire margin; surfacecovered with irregular floccose to woolly white to olivaceous greyaerial mycelium and few orange acervuli, reverse buff, cinnamon todark purplish grey; growth rate 22.5–24 mm in 7 d (32.5–34 mm in10 d). Conidia in mass orange.Material examined: Indonesia: Sumatra, Tele, from leaf spots developing afterherbicide treatment of Eucalyptus sp., 1 Jan. 2008, M.J. Wingfield, (CBS H-20798holotype, culture ex-type CBS 127551 = CPC 14986).Notes: Eucalyptus is not a well-known disease reservoir forColletotrichum species. Colletotrichum eucalypti was describedfrom Brazil by Bitancourt (1927) and noted again by Viégas (1946)from the Campinas region, causing anthracnose of Eucalyptusleaves. Viégas described the species as having conidia that areelongate-fusiform to oblong and 10–20 × 3–5 µm in size; thewww.studiesinmycology.org71
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Studies in Mycology 73 (September 2
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Colletotrichum: complex species or
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Damm et al.Table 1. Strains of Coll
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Damm et al.Table 1. (Continued).Gen
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Damm et al.combined sequence datase
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Damm et al.Fig. 2. Colletotrichum a
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The Colletotrichum boninense specie
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Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
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Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
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Weir et al.Table 2. Primers used in
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Weir et al.11ICMP 17789 Malus USA1I
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Weir et al.Kahawae cladeC. alataeC.
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Weir et al.A0.991ICMP 17905 Coffea
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Weir et al.Conidial width variation
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Weir et al.G. c.“f.sp. camelliae
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Weir et al.Fig. 10. Colletotrichum
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Weir et al.Fig. 18. Glomerella cing
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Weir et al.images under C. fructico
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Weir et al.Specimen examined: Thail
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Weir et al.Notes: First described f
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Weir et al.gossypii var. cephalospo
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Weir et al.to utilise either citrat
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Weir et al.(ex-epitype culture CBS
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Weir et al.of this species to C. ps
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Weir et al.Table 4. Performance of
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Weir et al.Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpe
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Weir et al.Simmonds JH (1968). Type
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Cannon et al.182
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Cannon et al.In rare instances, Col
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Cannon et al.Table 1. Summary of pr
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Cannon et al.Table 1. (Continued).P
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Cannon et al.Table 2. Colletotrichu
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Cannon et al.as did those for Colle
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Cannon et al.Table 3. Authentic seq
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Cannon et al.Table 3. (Continued).S
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Cannon et al.110.74 C. cuscutae IMI
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Cannon et al.Boninense cladeThe bon
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Cannon et al.C. lindemuthianum AB08
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Cannon et al.A further important ac
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Cannon et al.Hawksworth DL (2011).
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Cannon et al.Rodríguez-Guerra R, R
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Studies in MycologyStudies in Mycol
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CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 11:Taxon
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
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