Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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Damm et al.128528 sometimes exceed 20 µm, but their average length is 16.5µm and their L/W ratio is 3.3 rather than 3.5–4.25 as implied bySiemaszko’s measurements.Colletotrichum passiflorae F. Stevens & P.A. Young (Stevens1925), described on fruits of P. laurifolia and leaves of P. edulis fromHawaii, U.S.A., might be an earlier name for several of the species ofthe boninense complex, but von Arx (1957) treated it as a synonymof the gloeosporioides complex and its description (“Acervuli black,numerous, 90–225 µ in diameter. Setae brown, 50–75 by 5 µm.Conidia granular, cylindrical 11–18 by 3.5–6 µm,” Stevens 1925)is inadequate to make an assessment of its identity. Setae of C.constrictum, C. novae-zelandiae, C. karstii and C. torulosum arelonger than the length quoted for C. passiflorae by Stevens, but thedifferent growth conditions makes such a comparison unreliable. Noliving cultures of C. passiflorae appear to have been maintained, sowe are forced to regard the name as of uncertain application. Thename is not available for any of the species of the C. boninensecomplex as it is a later homonym of C. passiflorae Siemaszko.The name Gloeosporium passifloricola Sawada [as“passifloricolum”], was introduced for a fungus on Passifloraquadrangularis in Taiwan (Sawada 1943), but the name wasinvalidly published and cannot threaten any of the speciespresented in our paper.Colletotrichum brassicicola Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous,sp. nov. MycoBank MB560737. Fig. 6.Etymology: Named after the host plant genus, Brassica.Teleomorph developed on Anthriscus stem. Ascomata globose tosubglobose, pale brown, 100–250 × 90–150µm, glabrous, ostiolate,neck hyaline to pale brown, outer wall composed of flattened angularcells 8–19.5 × 5.5–15.5 µm in size. Interascal tissue composed ofparaphyses; hyaline, septate, branched, 55–100 × 4–8 µm. Ascicylindrical, 65–105 × 12–13.5 µm, 8-spored. Ascospores (only 7observed) arranged biseriately, hyaline and aseptate, fusiform,sometimes broader towards one side, sometimes curved, smooth,(15–)17.3–21(–24) × (3.5–)4–5.5(–7) µm, mean ± SD = 19.1 ± 1.8× 4.8± 0.8 µm, L/W ratio = 4.0. On filterpaper ascospores (16.5–)18–22.5(–23.5) × 4.5–5.5(–6.5) µm, mean ± SD = 20.3 ± 2.4 ×5.1± 0.5 µm, L/W ratio = 4.0.Anamorph developed on SNA. Vegetative hyphae 1–5 µmdiam, hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, branched. Chlamydosporesnot observed. Conidiomata poorly developed, conidiophoresand setae formed directly on hyphae. Setae medium brown,verruculose, 1–3-septate, 30–70 µm long, base cylindrical, conicalor slightly inflated, 4–6.5 µm diam at the widest part, tip round.Conidiophores pale brown, septate, unbranched or branched, to30 µm long. Conidiogenous cells hyaline or pale brown, smoothto verruculose, clavate, cylindrical or doliiform, sometimes lackinga basal septum and continuous with the conidiophore, 7–14 ×4–5.5 µm, opening 1.5–2 µm diam, collarette 0.5–1(–1.5) µm long,periclinal thickening conspicuous. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled,aseptate, straight, ovoid, apex round, base round, sometimes withprominent scar, sometimes containing one or two big guttules,(9.5–)11–13.6(–17.5) × (4.5–)5–6(–6.5) µm, mean ± SD = 12.2± 1.4 × 5.6 ± 0.4 µm, L/W ratio = 2.2. Appressoria pale to darkbrown, crenate to lobed, (5.5–)7.5–14.5(–21) × (4.5–)6–9.5(–12.5)µm, mean ± SD = 11.1 ± 3.6 × 7.8 ± 1.7 µm, L/W ratio = 1.4.Anamorph developed on Anthriscus stem. Conidiomataacervular, conidiophores and setae formed from a cushion ofhyaline to pale brown, angular cells, 3–9 µm diam. Setae mediumbrown, base often paler, smooth to verruculose, 1–2-septate, 25–60 µm long, base cylindrical to conical, often slightly inflated, 4–7.5µm diam, tip round. Conidiophores pale brown, septate, branched,to 30 µm long. Conidiogenous cells hyaline to pale brown, smoothwalled,cylindrical, clavate to ellipsoidal, 5–16 × 3.5–5 µm, opening1.5–2 µm diam, collarette 0.5–1 µm long, periclinal thickeningvisible to conspicuous. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate,straight, cylindrical to clavate, apex round, base round with aprominent scar, guttulate, sometimes with one or two big guttules,(9–)11.5–13.5(–14.5) × (5–)5.5–6 µm, mean ± SD = 12.4 ± 1 × 5.6± 0.3 µm, L/W ratio = 2.2. On filter paper (less often observed onAnthriscus stem) dark brown to black, roundish closed conidiomataare formed, to 400 µm diam, opening by irregular rupture. Conidiahyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, irregularly shaped, possiblydeformed due to pressure inside the conidiomata, (7.5–)10–14.5(–18) × (4.5–)5–7(–8.5) µm, mean ± SD = 12.2 ± 2.3 × 6.2 ± 0.9 µm,L/W ratio = 2.0.Culture characteristics: Colonies on SNA flat with entire margin,hyaline with felty white aerial mycelium on Anthriscus stem andfilter paper and salmon to orange acervuli and black sclerotia/ascomata on filter paper; reverse filter paper rosy buff to hazelwith black sclerotia/ascomata shining through; 17.5–21 mm in 7d (27.5–31.5 mm in 10 d). Colonies on OA flat with entire margin;surface buff, pale luteous to greenish olivaceous, partly coveredwith olivaceous grey structures, orange spore masses and withfelty white to pale olivaceous grey aerial mycelium, reverse honeycoloured,pale luteous to isabelline; 19–22.5 mm in 7 d (29–32.5mm in 10 d). Conidia in mass salmon to orange.Material examined: New Zealand, Manawatu-Wanganui, Ohakune, from leaf spot ofBrassica oleracea var. gemmifera, unknown collection date (July 1998 deposited inCBS collection), B. Thrupp, (CBS H-20698 holotype, culture ex-type CBS 101059= LYN 16331).Notes: The conidia of C. brassicicola are very short, whileascospores and asci are longer than those of the other four speciesin the C. boninense species complex with a known sexual morph.Farr & Rossman (2011) list six Colletotrichum taxa associated withBrassica species: C. truncatum, C. capsici (treated as a synonym ofC. truncatum by Damm et al. 2009), C. dematium, C. gloeosporioides,C. gloeosporioides var. minor and C. higginsianum. Colletotrichumtruncatum and C. dematium have curved conidia, and belongto separate clades that are not closely related to C. boninense(Damm et al. 2009). Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has noticeablylonger conidia than species in the C. boninense complex (Sutton1980, 1992; Weir et al. 2012). Colletotrichum gloeosporioides var.minor was reported on Brassica oleracea in Australia (Simmonds1966) with narrower conidia (11.1–17.7 × 3.1–5.0 µm) and shorterascospores (13.5–16.8 × 3.5–4.9 µm) (Simmonds 1968) than C.brassicicola. Weir et al. (2012) confirm C. gloeosporioides var.minor as belonging to the C. gloeosporioides species complex, anddescribe it as a new species, C. queenslandicum. Colletotrichumhigginsianum (O’Connell et al. 2004) is part of the C. destructivumcomplex (Cannon et al. 2012, this issue) and has longer conidiathat tend to be inaequilateral.Vassiljewski and Karakulin (1950) described Colletotrichumbrassicae on Brassica as having slightly curved, fusoid conidia thatare longer (19–24 µm) than those of C. brassicicola. Colletotrichumbrassicae was regarded as a synonym of C. dematium (von Arx1957), but no authentic material has been seen.14
The Colletotrichum boninense species complexFig. 6. Colletotrichum brassicicola (from ex-holotype strain CBS 101059). A–B. Conidiomata. C. Setae. D–H. Conidiophores. I. Seta and conidiophores. J–O. Appressoria. P–Q.Conidia. R–S. Ascomata. T. Conidia formed in closed conidiomata. U. Ascospores. V. Asci and paraphyses. W. Apical region of an ascus. X. Paraphyses. Y. Outer surface ofperidium. Z. Peridium in cross section. A, C–E, P, R–S, U–Z. from Anthriscus stem. B, F–O, Q. from SNA. T. from filter paper. A–B, R. DM, C–Q, T–Z. DIC, Scale bars: A, R =100 µm, S = 50 µm, D, T = 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies to A–B. Scale bar of D applies to C–Q. Scale bar of T applies to T–Z.www.studiesinmycology.org15
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Damm et al.Table 2. Conidia measure
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Damm et al.Table 2. (Continued).Spe
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Damm et al.Table 3. Appressoria mea
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Damm et al.Fig. 25. Colletotrichum
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Damm et al.to olivaceous grey, filt
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Damm et al.are formed directly from
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Damm et al.Arx JA von (1957). Die A
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Damm et al.Masaba DM, Waller JM (19
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Weir et al.grass-inhabiting species
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Weir et al.Table 1. A list of strai
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Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
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Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
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Weir et al.Table 2. Primers used in
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Weir et al.11ICMP 17789 Malus USA1I
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Weir et al.Kahawae cladeC. alataeC.
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Weir et al.A0.991ICMP 17905 Coffea
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Weir et al.Conidial width variation
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Weir et al.G. c.“f.sp. camelliae
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Weir et al.Fig. 10. Colletotrichum
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Weir et al.Fig. 18. Glomerella cing
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Weir et al.images under C. fructico
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Weir et al.Specimen examined: Thail
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Weir et al.Notes: First described f
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Weir et al.gossypii var. cephalospo
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Weir et al.to utilise either citrat
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Weir et al.(ex-epitype culture CBS
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Weir et al.of this species to C. ps
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Weir et al.Table 4. Performance of
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Weir et al.Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpe
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Weir et al.Simmonds JH (1968). Type
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Cannon et al.182
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Cannon et al.In rare instances, Col
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Cannon et al.Table 1. Summary of pr
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Cannon et al.Table 1. (Continued).P
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Cannon et al.Table 2. Colletotrichu
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Cannon et al.as did those for Colle
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Cannon et al.Table 3. Authentic seq
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Cannon et al.110.74 C. cuscutae IMI
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Cannon et al.Boninense cladeThe bon
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Cannon et al.C. lindemuthianum AB08
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Cannon et al.A further important ac
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Cannon et al.Hawksworth DL (2011).
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Studies in MycologyStudies in Mycol
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CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 11:Taxon
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
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