Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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Weir et al.Notes: First described from cucumber, this fungus is widelyregarded as a synonym of C. orbiculare in the plant pathologyliterature (e.g. Snowdon 1991, da Silva et al. 2011).Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. cuscutae” (Zhang1985).Notes: A strain identified by this name was developed as amycoherbicide against dodder (Cuscuta chinensis in China (Zhang1985). This strain referred to as “Lu Bao No.1” is apparentlyincluded in the study of Guerber et al. (2003) as strain 783 andbelongs to the C. acutatum species complex. Other strains fromdodder in the USA included in the same study were revealed to beC. fioriniae, while a strain from Dominica was found to represent anew species, both belonging to the C. acutatum species complexas well (Damm et al. 2012, this issue).Colletotrichum gloeosporioides var. gomphrenae Perera,Revista Fac. Agron. Univ. Nac. La Plata 41: 12. 1965.Notes: Originally described from Gomphrena globosa, the name hasnot been used since it was described and its genetic relationshipto and within the C. gloeosporioides species complex is unknown.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides var. hederae Pass., AttiReale Accad. Italia, Rendiconti., Serie 4, 6: 469. 1889.Notes: The original description of this Hedera-inhabiting species,with fusiform, straight to curved conidia suggests that it is asynonym of the Hedera pathogen C. trichellum.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. heveae (Petch) Saccas,Agron. Trop. (Nogent-sur-Marne) 14: 430. 1959.Basionym: Colletotrichum heveae Petch, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.Peradeniya 3(1): 8. 1906.Notes: Originally described from the leaves of seedlings of Heveabrasiliensis from Sri Lanka, this fungus was described with verybroad conidia, 18–24 × 7.5–8 µm. Carpenter & Stevenson (1954)considered this, and several other Colletotrichum, Gloeosporiumand Glomerella species described from rubber, to be synonyms ofC. gloeosporioides. The genetic relationship of these species toand within the C. gloeosporioides species complex is unknown. Seealso notes in Damm et al. (2012b, this issue) under Colletotrichumannelatum.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. hyperici” (Harris1993).Notes: This name was first used by Harris (1993) for strains ofC. gloeosporioides pathogenic to Hypericum perforatum. Earlierstudies by Hildebrand & Jensen (1991) had found the Hypericumpathogen to be pathogenic also on several other plants. Thegenetic relationship of the Hypericum pathogen to and within theC. gloeosporioides species complex is unknown. Note that the exholotypeculture of G. cingulata var. migrans, a variety here placedin synonymy with C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro, was also isolatedfrom Hypericum.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. jussiaeae” (Boyetteet al. 1979).Notes: Strains identified as C. gloeosporioides “f. sp. jussiaeae” arehighly pathogenic, specialised pathogens of Jussiaea decurrens(Boyette et al. 1979). The genetic relationship of this taxon to andwithin the C. gloeosporioides species complex, or to Colletotrichumjussiaeae Earle, is unknown. Isolates pathogenic to Jussiaea havea similar conidial germination self-inhibitor profile to another isolateidentified as C. fragariae (Tsurushima et al. 1995). The authenticisolate of C. gloeosporioides “f. sp. jussiaeae” deposited as ATCC52634, is not included in this study.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. malvae” (Makowski& Mortensen 1989).Notes: Strains identified as C. gloeosporioides “f. sp. malvae” wereregistered as a bioherbicide against round leafed mallow in Canada(Makowski & Mortensen 1989). The fungus was subsequentlyrecognised as belonging to the C. orbiculare species complex(Bailey et al. 1996).Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. manihotis”(Chevaugeon 1956).Notes: See Colletotrichum manihotis.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. melongenae Fournet,Ann. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Genova 5: 13. 1973.Notes: In addition to C. gloeosporioides f. melongenae, the namesC. gloeosporioides “f. sp. melongenae”, C. melongenae Av.-Saccá 1917, and C. melongenae Lobik 1928 have been used torefer to fungi associated with anthracnose diseases of Solanummelongena (e.g. Sherf & McNab 1986, Kaan 1973). Other namesused for isolates from the same host have included Gloeosporiummelongenae Ellis & Halst. 1891 and G. melongenae Sacc. 1916.The genetic relationships of these eggplant-associated taxa to andwithin the C. gloeosporioides species complex remain unknown.Solanum melongena associated species are known also from theC. boninense species complex (Damm et al. 2012b, this issue).Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. miconiae” (Killgoreet al. 1999).Notes: Killgore et al. (1999) reported that the isolates theyrecognised as C. gloeosporioides “f. sp. miconiae” were highlyspecialised pathogens of Miconia calvescens, unable to infectthe closely related Clidemia hirta. The original voucher culturesare no longer available (pers. comm., Robert Barreto). Recentlycollected isolates from Miconia from the type locality in Brazil haveproved to be genetically diverse across the C. gloeosporioidesspecies complex, with isolates in both the Kahawae and Musaeclades (unpubl. data). For now the genetic position of this pathogenremains unresolved.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides var. minus Simmonds,Queensland J. Agric. Anim. Sci. 25: 178A. 1968.Notes: See Colletotrichum queenslandicum.154
The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complexColletotrichum gloeosporioides var. nectrioidea Gonz.Frag., Bol. Soc. Brot., 2: 52. 1924.Notes: Originally described from Citrus aurantium from Portugal,the name has not been used since it was described and its geneticrelationship to and within the C. gloeosporioides species complexis unknown.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. ortheziidae”(Marcelino et al. 2008).Notes: Marcelino et al. (2008) clearly show that the Ortheziapraelonga pathogen belongs in the C. acutatum species complex,despite referring to the fungus only as C. gloeosporioides “f. sp.ortheziidae”. See also notes under C. nymphaeae in Damm et al.(2012a, this issue).Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. pilosae” (Singh1974).Notes: First described from leaves of Bidens pilosa, this name hasnot been used since it was described and its genetic relationshipto and within the C. gloeosporioides species complex is unknown.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis Munaut,Mycol. Res. 106: 591. 2002.Notes: Placed here in synonymy with C. theobromicola; see notesunder C. theobromicola.Irwin & Cameron (1978) and Munaut et al. (2002) describeddifferent diseases of Stylosanthes associated with Type A and TypeB isolates of C. gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis, the two groups ofisolates distinguished morphologically by growth rate in culture andby conidial morphology. Compared with Type A, the Type B isolateshad a slower growth rate on PDA, and conidia more variable in sizeand shape (Irwin & Cameron 1978). They were also distinguishedgenetically using RFLP and similar methods (e.g. Munaut et al.1998, 2002). Munaut et al. (2002) used ITS1 sequences to showthe C. gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis to be related to an isolate theyidentified as C. fragariae. We regard C. fragariae to be a synonymof C. theobromicola, with putatively authentic Type A (HM335, C.gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis “f. sp. guianensis”) and Type B (HM336, C. gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis “f. sp. stylosanthis”) isolatesboth also belonging to this species. From the ITS1 sequence dataavailable, isolates regarded as typical of Type A (RAPD cluster I)and of Type B (RAPD cluster II) by Munaut et al. (1998) all belongin C. theobromicola in the sense that we are using the name; theirRAPD cluster III isolate could be C. tropicale, and their RAPDcluster IV isolates are probably C. fructicola.The cultures of C. gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis that we usedwere originally studied by Irwin & Cameron (1978), and selectedas the “types” of “f. sp. guianensis” and “f. sp. stylosanthis” byMunaut et al. (2002). Both isolates have a ‘stale’ growth form, nolonger forming conidia in culture and with aerial mycelium closelyappressed to the agar surface, resulting in an almost slimy colonysurface. Both isolates had a slow growth rate, similar to thatreported for Type B isolates by Irwin & Cameron (1978). Geneticallyboth isolates were identical for all the genes we sequenced. Thisidentity should be checked against additional isolates, especiallysome matching Type A sensu Irwin & Cameron (1978) with respectto both pathogenicity and growth form.Sherriff et al. (1994), using ITS2 and partial 28S rDNAsequences, found isolates they considered to represent C.gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis Type A and Type B respectively tobe genetically distinct. However, their ITS2 sequences show thatthe putative Type B isolate in their study was in fact a member ofthe C. boninense species complex.Specimens examined: Australia, Queensland, Townsville, on Stylosanthes viscosa,coll. J.A.G. Irwin 21365 (HM335), 1976 (ex-holotype culture of C. gloeosporioidesf. stylosanthis – MUCL 42294 = ICMP 17957 = CBS 124251); Samford, onStylosanthes guianensis, coll. J.A.G. Irwin 21398 (HM336), 1979 (MUCL 42295 =ICMP 17958 = CBS 124250).Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis “f. sp.guianensis” (Munaut et al. 2002)≡ Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. guianensis” (Vinijsanum et al.1987).Notes: See notes and specimens examined under C.gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis “f. sp.stylosanthis” (Munaut et al. 2002).Notes: See notes and specimens examined under C.gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides “f. sp. uredinicola”(Singh 1975).Notes: Described from uredinia and telia of Ravenelia sessilison pods of Albizia lebbek, this name has not been used since itwas described and its genetic relationship to and within the C.gloeosporioides species complex is unknown.Colletotrichum gossypii Southw., J. Mycol. 6: 100. 1891.= Glomerella gossypii Edgerton, Mycologia 1: 119. 1909.Notes: This species was originally described from the USA and wasreported to cause disease symptoms on all parts of cotton plants,but especially the bolls (Southworth 1891, Edgerton 1909). Isolatesidentified as C. gossypii by Shear & Wood (1907) were reportedlyassociated with a Glomerella state in culture, and Edgerton (1909)described Glomerella gossypii from diseased, mature cotton plantsin the USA Edgerton (1909) discussed differences in ascosporeshape between G. gossypii and fruit-rotting isolates of G.cingulata, with G. gossypii having elliptic, not curved ascospores.Von Arx (1957) considered C. gossypii to be a synonym of C.gloeosporioides and von Arx & Müller (1954) regarded G. gossypiito be a synonym of G. cingulata.Modern authors have recognised two pathogens of cotton, C.gossypii and C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides. Colletotrichumgossypii is reportedly the cause of cotton anthracnose, a damping-offdisease of cotton seedlings, and C. gossypii var. cephalosporioidesthe cause of ramulosis, a disease causing abnormal branchingof mature plants (Bailey et al. 1996, Silva-Mann et al. 2005). Ina study based on ITS2 sequences, Bailey et al. (1996) found C.gossypii and C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides to be geneticallydistinct but with both belonging to the C. gloeosporioides speciescomplex. Silva-Mann et al. (2005) also distinguished the twotaxa genetically, based on an AFLP analysis. The only DNAsequences available for isolates identified as C. gossypii and C.www.studiesinmycology.org155
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
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