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Weir et al.Fig. 32. Colletotrichum salsolae. A, C–H. ICMP 19051 – ex-holotype culture. B. BPI 878740 – holotype. A. Cultures on PDA, 10 d growth from single conidia, from above andbelow. B. Lesion on stem, dried type specimen. C. Conidiogenous cells. D–E. Conidia. F–G. Appressoria. Scale bars B = 1 mm, C = 20 µm. Scale bar of C applies to C–G.rounded, small truncate scar at base. Conidiogenous cells 13–18× 4–6.5 µm, cylindric to flask-shaped, tapering at apex to narrow,phialidic conidiogenous locus, wall at base often encrusted withdark brown material. Appressoria sparsely developed, cylindric to166
The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complexelliptic, simple; many putatively partially developed appressoria,similar in shape to those with dark and thick walls and also withan appressorial pore, but the wall remains thin and only slightlypigmented. Perithecia not seen.Geographic distribution and host range: Known from throughout thegeographic range of Salsola tragus (Berner et al. 2009), reported innature only from Salsola spp.Genetic identification: ITS sequences of C. salsolae are very closeto C. alienum and some C. siamense isolates. These species canbe distinguished using TUB2 or GAPDH.Notes: Isolates of C. gloeosporioides pathogenic to Salsolatragus were reported by Schwarczinger et al. (1998) and referredto as C. gloeosporioides “f. sp. salsolae” by Berner et al. (2009).Although mildly pathogenic to a wide range of hosts in glasshousepathogenicity tests, this fungus causes severe disease only onSalsola spp. with the exception of S. orientalis, S. soda, and S.vermiculata (Berner et al. 2009).Colletotrichum salsolae belongs to the Musae clade, andalthough genetically close to several other species, it is biologicallyand morphologically distinctive.Other specimen examined: Hungary, additional isolate of strain selected as theholotype, recovered from inoculated Glycine max plants (MCA 2498 = CBS 119296= ICMP 18693).* Colletotrichum siamense Prihastuti, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde,Fungal Diversity 39: 98. 2009. Fig. 33.= Colletotrichum jasmini-sambac Wikee, K.D. Hyde, L. Cai & McKenzie, FungalDiversity 46: 174. 2011.= Colletotrichum hymenocallidis Yan L. Yang, Zuo Y. Liu, K.D. Hyde & L. Cai,Fungal Diversity 39: 138. 2009.Descriptions of this species are provided by Prihastuti et al. (2009),Wikee et al. (2011), and Yang et al. (2009).Geographic distribution and host range: Colletotrichum siamensewas originally described from coffee from Thailand, but our conceptof this species is biologically and geographically diverse, found onmany hosts across several tropical and subtropical regions.Genetic identification: ITS sequences do not reliably separate C.siamense from C. alienum, C. fructicola, or C. tropicale. Thesespecies are best distinguished using CAL or TUB2.Notes: Yang et al. (2009) and Wikee et al. (2011) discussed geneticand morphological differences between C. siamense, C. jasminisambac,and C. hymenocallidis. However, both studies used alimited set of isolates within the C. gloeosporioides complex, makinginterpretation of the genetic differences difficult. The morphologicaldifferences they described are commonly seen as within-speciesvariation in other Colletotrichum spp. In our analysis, C. siamense isrepresented by 30 isolates from a wide range of hosts from severaltropical regions, and forms a monophyletic clade that cannot befurther subdivided genetically. Variation in cultural appearance isbroad but in part this probably reflects the different conditions underwhich the isolates had been stored. Shape and size of appressoria,and the characteristically small conidia are similar in all isolates.Based on matching translation elongation factor (TEF) andTUB2 sequences, isolates referred by Rojas et al. (2010) toColletotrichum sp. indet. 2 also represent C. siamense. Note thatTEF data was excluded from our phylogenetic analyses becausethe TEF gene tree was often incongruent with the trees from theother genes that we sequenced. For example, compare our isolateICMP 17797 (GenBank GU174571) with isolates Rojas et al. (2010)cite as Colletotrichum sp. indet. 2, V1H1_1 (GenBank GU994297)and 7767 (GenBank GU994298).The C. siamense protologue designates the holotype as MFLU090230, but the culture derived from holotype as “BCC” with nospecimen number. The ex-holotype culture is listed as BDP-I2 inTable 1 of Prihastuti et al. (2009) but not in the description of thespecies. Strain BDP-I2 was obtained from the authors (Prihastuti etal. 2009) for this study and deposited as ICMP 18578.Specimens examined: Australia, New South Wales, Murwillumbah, on Perseaamericana fruit rot, coll. L. Coates 23695, 1 Apr. 1990 (ICMP 12567); New SouthWales, Muswellbrook, on Pistacia vera (DAR 76934 = ICMP 18574); Queensland,Mt Tamborine, on Persea americana fruit rot, coll. L. Coates T10-1, 1 Sep. 1993(ICMP 12565). China, Guangxi, Nanning, on Hymenocallis americana leaf spot,coll. Y.L. Yang CSSN2, 19 Jun. 2008 (ex-holotype culture of C. hymenocallidis− CBS 125378 = ICMP 18642); Guangxi Province, Nanning, on H. americana leaf,coll. Y.L. Yang CSSN3 (CBS 125379 = ICMP 18643). Nigeria, Ibadan, on Dioscorearotundata seed, coll. M. Abang CgS2 (ICMP 18121); Ibadan, on D. rotundata seed,coll. M. Abang CgS6 (ICMP 18117); Ibadan, on Commelina sp. leaf, coll. M. AbangCg29 (ICMP 18118). South Africa, on Carica papaya fruit, coll. L. Korsten PMS1 (ICMP 18739). on Persea americana, coll. L. Korsten Cg227 (ICMP 18570); onPersea americana, coll. L. Korsten Cg231 (ICMP 18569). Thailand, Chiang Mai,Mae Lod Village, on Coffea arabica berries, coll. H. Prihastuti BPD-I2, 12 Dec.2007 (ex-holotype culture of C. siamense – MFLU 090230 = ICMP 18578).Kanchanaburi, on Capsicum annuum, P.P. Than Ku4 (HKUCC 10884 = ICMP18575); Nakhonpathon, on C. annuum, coll. P.P. Than Ku8 (HKUCC 10881 = ICMP18618). USA, Florida, on Vitis vinifera leaf, coll. N. Peres ssgrape 10 (ICMP 18572);Florida, on Fragaria × ananassa crown, coll. N. Peres strawberry 6 (ICMP 18571);Florida, on V. vinifera leaf, coll. N. Peres DI-grape-6 (ICMP 18573); North Carolina,Wilkes County, on Malus domestica fruit, coll. T. Sutton LD Cg12 2001 (ICMP17795); North Carolina, Johnston County, on M. domestica fruit, coll. T. Sutton GD8 2002 (ICMP 17791); North Carolina, Johnston County, on M. domestica fruit, coll.T. Sutton GD 7 2002 (ICMP 17797); Alabama, on M. domestica fruit, coll. T. SuttonAL 1 2001 (ICMP 17785). Vietnam, Cu Chi District, Trung An Ward, on living leavesof Jasminium sambac, Jan. 2009, coll. Hoa Nguyen Thi LLTA–01 (ex-holotypeculture of C. jasmini-sambac – CBS 130420 = ICMP 19118).* Colletotrichum theobromicola Delacr., Bull. Soc. Mycol.France. 31: 191. 1905. Fig. 34.= Colletotrichum fragariae A.N. Brooks, Phytopathology 21: 113. 1931.= Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis Munaut, Mycol. Res. 106: 591.2002.= Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis “f. sp. stylosanthis” (Munautet al. 2002).= Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis “f. sp. guianensis” (Munaut etal. 2002).A modern description of this species is provided by Rojas et al.(2010).Geographic distribution and host range: Broadly distributed intropical and subtropical regions on a wide range of hosts.Genetic identification: ITS sequences distinguish C. theobromicolafrom all other species.Notes: The ex-epitype culture of Colletotrichum fragariae, the exneotypeculture of C. theobromicola, and the ex-holotype culture ofC. gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis, selected by Buddie et al. (1999),Rojas et al. (2010), and Munaut et al. (2002) respectively, belong ina clade that we accept genetically as a single species. Also in thisclade are authentic isolates of C. gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis“f. sp. stylosanthis” and C. gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis “f. sp.guianensis” (but see notes under C. gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis).www.studiesinmycology.org167
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Colletotrichum: complex species or
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Damm et al.Table 1. Strains of Coll
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The Colletotrichum boninense specie
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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The Colletotrichum acutatum species
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Damm et al.Arx JA von (1957). Die A
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
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