Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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Damm et al.Fig. 7. Colletotrichum cosmi (from ex-holotype strain CBS 853.73). A–B. Conidiomata. C–H. Conidiophores. I–N. Appressoria. O–P. Conidia. A, C–E, O. from Anthriscus stem.B, F–N, P. from SNA. A–B. DM, C–P. DIC, Scale bars: A = 200 µm, B = 100 µm, C = 10 µm. Scale bar of C applies to C–P.4.0 ± 0.3 µm, L/W ratio = 3.8.Culture characteristics: Colonies on SNA flat with entire margin,hyaline, buff to pale honey, on filter paper partly pale olivaceousgrey, the medium, filter paper and Anthriscus stem partly coveredwith floccose-felty whitish to pale olivaceous grey aerial myceliumand orange acervuli, reverse of filter paper partly pale cinnamon,pale olivaceous grey to olivaceous grey; growth rate 23–24 mmin 7 d (33.5–34 mm in 10 d). Colonies on OA flat with entiremargin; surface entirely covered with thin floccose-felty white topale olivaceous grey aerial mycelium and orange acervuli, reversevinaceous buff, purplish grey to fuscous black; growth rate 23–25mm in 7 d (33.5–37.5 mm in 10 d). Conidia in mass orange.Material examined: Netherlands, Wageningen, from seed of Cosmos sp., collectiondate and collector unknown (deposited in CBS collection in Nov. 1973 by G.H.Boerema), (CBS H-20794 holotype, culture ex-type CBS 853.73 = PD 73/856).Notes: Kwon et al. (1999) report C. acutatum (s. lat.) to cause sunkenbrownish spots on stems, as well as symptoms on leaves, flowersand floral axes of Cosmos bipinnatus in Korea. Morphologicalcharacters (conidia, appressoria) are similar to those of strain CBS853.73, except for setae, which our strain did not develop in ourstandard culture conditions. It is therefore possible that the collectionfrom Korea represents C. cosmi. Colletotrichum acutatum (s. lat.) isalso known as an anthracnose pathogen of flowers and flower budsof Cosmos bipinnatus in Japan (Yaguchi et al. 1996). The shape ofconidia and appressoria of the Japanese fungus are similar to ourstrain, but the conidia are smaller, measuring 11–14 × 2.8–3.5 µm.Two other species are reported from Cosmos bipinnatus in India, C.truncatum (as C. capsici) associated with seeds and causing seedand seedling rot (Srivastava et al. 1981) and C. gloeosporioidesassociated with leaves (Kumari et al. 1981). When strain CBS853.73 was first accessed into CBS, von Arx identified it as C.gloeosporioides, but with the remark “deviating by longer, slenderconidia”. Molecular data do not support this identification; the strainbelongs to the C. acutatum complex, but it is possible that reportsof C. gloeosporioides refer to this species.Colletotrichum cosmi is part of clade 2. It can be separatedfrom other species by all gene sequences, but mostly with only 1bp divergence. There are more sequence divergences in GAPDHand HIS3; however, with these genes individually, the species sitswithin the very variable C. nymphaeae clade. The closest matchin a blastn search with the TUB2 sequence of strain CBS 853.73(with 99 % identity, 4 bp differences) was GU246633 from isolateR14 from Capsicum annuum from South Korea (Sang et al. 2011),while the closest match with the GAPDH sequence covering ±the full length sequence (with 98 % identity, 4 bp differences) wasHQ846724 from isolate OBP6 from an unknown plant, probablyfrom India (P. Chowdappa, C.S. Chethana, S. Madhura, unpubl.data). We do not consider that these data in isolation are sufficientevidence to identify these sequences as originating from C. cosmi.There are 22 sequences in GenBank that match the ITS sequenceof strain CBS 853.73 with 99 % identity, all with 2 bp differences.62
The Colletotrichum acutatum species complexFig. 8. Colletotrichum costaricense (from ex-holotype strain CBS 330.75). A–B. Conidiomata. C–H. Conidiophores. I–N. Appressoria. O–P. Conidia. A, C–D, O. from Anthriscusstem. B, E–N, P. from SNA. A–B. DM, C–P. DIC, Scale bars: A = 100 µm, C = 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies to A–B. Scale bar of C applies to C–P.Colletotrichum costaricense Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous,sp. nov. MycoBank MB800499. Fig. 8.Etymology: Named after the country where it was collected, CostaRica.Sexual morph not observed. Asexual morph on SNA. Vegetativehyphae 1–9.5 µm diam, hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, branched.Chlamydospores not observed. Conidiomata not developed,conidiophores formed directly on hyphae. Setae not observed.Conidiophores hyaline, smooth-walled, simple or septate andbranched. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical toampulliform, polyphialides observed, 4.5–24 × 2–3.5 µm, opening0.5–1.5 µm diam, collarette 0.5–1.5 µm long, periclinal thickeningvisible. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight, cylindricalwith both ends acute, (9–)11.5–18(–28) × (3–)3.5–4(–4.5) µm, mean± SD = 14.6 ± 3.1 × 3.7 ± 0.3 µm, L/W ratio = 4.0. Appressoriasparse, single or in small groups, pale brown, smooth-walled,subglobose to elliptical, the edge entire to undulate, (4.5–)6–8.5(–10)× (3–)4–6(–6.5) µm, mean ± SD = 7.1 ± 1.2 × 4.9 ± 0.9 µm, L/Wratio = 1.4, appressoria of strain CBS 211.78 are medium brown.Asexual morph on Anthriscus stem. Conidiomata notdeveloped, conidiophores and setae formed directly on hyphae.Setae medium to dark brown, smooth-walled to finely verruculose,0–2-septate, 50–60 µm long, base cylindrical, 3.5–4.5 µm diam, thetip ± acute. Conidiophores hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled,septate, branched, to 40 µm long. Conidiogenous cells hyaline topale brown, smooth-walled, cylindrical to ampulliform, 8–22 × 3–5µm, opening 1–1.5 µm diam, collarette 1–1.5 µm long, periclinalthickening distinct. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate,straight, cylindrical with both ends acute, (12.5–)13.5–16(–18) ×3.5–4 µm, mean ± SD = 14.8 ± 1.4 × 3.8 ± 0.3 µm, L/W ratio = 3.9.Culture characteristics: Colonies on SNA flat with entire margin,hyaline to pale cinnamon, on Anthriscus stem partly olivaceousgrey to iron-grey, on filter paper pale olivaceous grey to olivaceousgrey, with short or woolly white aerial mycelium and few salmonacervuli on filter paper and on Anthriscus stem, reverse of filterpaper same colours; growth rate 19–22.5 mm in 7 d (31–34 mm in10 d). Colonies on OA flat with entire margin; surface olivaceouswith pale olivaceous grey to olivaceous grey sectors, the sectorscovered with short white aerial mycelium and salmon acervulior culture completely covered with short felty whitish aerialmycelium, reverse honey, olivaceous grey to iron-grey, growthrate 22–23 mm in 7 d (28.5–34.5 mm in 10 d). Conidia in masssalmon to saffron.Material examined: Costa Rica, Meseta Central, from berry of Coffea arabica cv.Typica, collection date and collector unknown (deposited in CBS collection Jun. 1975by D. Mulder, Wageningen), (CBS H-20811 holotype, culture ex-type CBS 330.75);Turrialba, from twig of Coffea sp., collection date and collector unknown (deposited inCBS collection Apr. 1978 by C. Bianchini), culture CBS 211.78 = IMI 309622.www.studiesinmycology.org63
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Studies in Mycology 73 (September 2
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Colletotrichum: complex species or
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Damm et al.Table 1. Strains of Coll
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Damm et al.Table 1. (Continued).Gen
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Damm et al.combined sequence datase
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Damm et al.Fig. 2. Colletotrichum a
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Damm et al.Masaba DM, Waller JM (19
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Weir et al.Table 1. A list of strai
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Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
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Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
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Weir et al.Table 2. Primers used in
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Weir et al.11ICMP 17789 Malus USA1I
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Weir et al.Kahawae cladeC. alataeC.
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Weir et al.A0.991ICMP 17905 Coffea
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Weir et al.Conidial width variation
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Weir et al.G. c.“f.sp. camelliae
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Weir et al.Fig. 10. Colletotrichum
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Weir et al.Fig. 18. Glomerella cing
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Weir et al.Specimen examined: Thail
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Weir et al.Notes: First described f
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Weir et al.gossypii var. cephalospo
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Weir et al.to utilise either citrat
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Weir et al.(ex-epitype culture CBS
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Weir et al.Table 4. Performance of
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Weir et al.Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpe
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Weir et al.Simmonds JH (1968). Type
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Cannon et al.182
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Cannon et al.In rare instances, Col
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Cannon et al.Table 1. Summary of pr
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Cannon et al.Table 1. (Continued).P
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Cannon et al.Table 2. Colletotrichu
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Cannon et al.as did those for Colle
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Cannon et al.Table 3. Authentic seq
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Cannon et al.Table 3. (Continued).S
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Cannon et al.110.74 C. cuscutae IMI
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Cannon et al.Boninense cladeThe bon
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Cannon et al.C. lindemuthianum AB08
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Cannon et al.A further important ac
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Cannon et al.Hawksworth DL (2011).
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Cannon et al.Rodríguez-Guerra R, R
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Studies in MycologyStudies in Mycol
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CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 11:Taxon
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
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