Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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Damm et al.Fig. 4. Colletotrichum australe (from ex-holotype strain CBS 116478). A–B. Conidiomata. C. Seta. D–G. Conidiophores. H. Tip of seta. I. Basis of seta. J–K. Conidiophores.L–Q. Appressoria. R–S. Conidia. A, C–G, R. from Anthriscus stem. B, H–Q, S. from SNA. A–B. DM, C–S. DIC, Scale bars: A = 100 µm, F = 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies toA–B. Scale bar of F applies to C–S.long, periclinal thickening distinct. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled,aseptate, straight, cylindrical, sometimes slightly constricted in themiddle, with one end round and one end slightly acute to truncate,(16–)17–20(–22) × (4–)4.5–5(–5.5) µm, mean ± SD = 18.6 ± 1.6× 4.7 ± 0.4 µm, L/W ratio = 4.0, conidia of strain CBS 131325smaller, measuring (13.5–)15–17.5(–18) × (3.5–)4–5(–5.5) µm,mean ± SD = 16.3 ± 1.1 × 4.4 ± 0.4 µm, L/W ratio = 3.7.Culture characteristics: Colonies on SNA flat with entire margin,hyaline to honey, filter paper straw to pale olivaceous grey, aerialmycelium lacking, reverse same colours, growth rate 16–18 mm in7 d (28.5–30 mm in 10 d). Colonies on OA flat with entire margin;surface pale luteous to amber, in the centre covered with floccosewhite aerial mycelium, reverse pale luteous to salmon, growth rate16–20 mm in 7 d (25–29.5 mm in 10 d). Conidia in mass salmon.Material examined: South Africa, Stellenbosch, university campus, fromTrachycarpus fortunei, 2 Jan. 1998, J.E. Taylor, (CBS-H 20721 holotype, cultureex-type CBS 116478 = HKUCC2616). Australia, Western Australia, Alcoa, fromHakea sp., 12 Jul. 2011, W. Gams, culture CBS 131325.Notes: Colletotrichum australe belongs to the clade that includesC. phormii, C. kinghornii, C. rhombiforme and C. acerbum. Setaeare better developed (in cultures on Anthriscus stem) and conidiaare larger than in most other species in the C. acutatum speciescomplex. Only C. phormii forms larger conidia, which are fusiform,while those of C. australe are cylindrical. Additionally, appressoriaof C. australe are shorter than those of C. phormii. Conidia of C.rhombiforme are shorter, while those of C. kinghornii are narrower.It is possible that Fusarium hakeae (Hennings 1898), describedfrom leaves of Hakea saligna from the Botanic Garden in Berlin,Germany, is the same species as C. australe. The description isshort but largely corresponds with our species, but bearing in mindthat most Colletotrichum species show a lack of host specificity,there is no strong reason to equate the two taxa in the absenceof sequenceable material of F. hakeae. Wollenweber (1916)transferred F. hakeae to Gloeosporium, and von Arx (1957,1970) included the name as a synonym of C. gloeosporioides.Bondarzeva-Monteverde et al. (1936) described a separate fungusas Gloeosporium hakeae from greenhouses in St Petersburg; thiswas reported to have straight to curved conidia and is unlikely tobe a synonym of Hennings’ fungus. Lubbe et al. (2004) publishedC.acutatum f. sp. hakeae for isolates that caused a distinctivedisease of Hakea in South Africa; these have shorter conidia thanthose of C. australe and group in C. acutatum s. str. Colletotrichumacutatum has been reported from Trachycarpus fortunei in Australiaand Switzerland by Taylor & Hyde (2003); we do not know whetherthese collections represent further records of C. australe.Colletotrichum australe is separated from other species by allgene sequences surveyed except for CHS-1, which is the sameas that of C. phormii, and most effectively separated by HIS3. Theclosest match in a blastn search with the TUB2 sequence of strain58
The Colletotrichum acutatum species complexFig. 5. Colletotrichum brisbanense (from ex-holotype strain CBS 292.67). A–B. Conidiomata. C–H. Conidiophores. I–N. Appressoria. O–P. Conidia. A, C–E, O. from Anthriscusstem. B, F–N, P. from SNA. A–B. DM, C–P. DIC, Scale bars: A = 100 µm, C = 10 µm. Scale bar of A applies to A–B. Scale bar of C applies to C–P.CBS 116478 (with 98 % identity, 8 and 9 bp differences) wereisolates PCF 459 (EU635504) from strawberry in Belgium (Debodeet al. 2009) and PT250 (= CBS 129953, see C. rhombiforme), andAJ748624 from olive, Portugal (Talhinhas et al. 2005). We do notthink that any of these sequences are derived from strains thatare conspecific with C. australe. With the GAPDH sequence therewas no closer match than 87 % identity. The closest matches withITS sequence, with 99 % sequence identity, include Glomerellacingulata BBA 70991 from Salix (AJ301952, Nirenberg et al. 2002)and Glomerella sp. strain MP3 from Acer platanoides (EU622052,LoBuglio & Pfister 2008), which are both likely to be C. salicis. Otherstrains with 99 % ITS sequence homology include that depositedas Fusarium phormii strain CBS 198.35 (DQ286144, Farr et al.2006) which we assign to C. kinghornii, and Ga. acutata PT715from Olea europaea in Portugal (AM991135, Talhinhas et al. 2009).Colletotrichum brisbanense Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous,sp. nov. MycoBank MB800497. Fig. 5.Etymology: Named after Brisbane, the city in Queensland, Australiawhere the species was collected.Sexual morph not observed. Asexual morph on SNA. Vegetativehyphae 1–8 µm diam, hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, branched.Chlamydospores not observed. Conidiomata not developed,conidiophores formed directly on hyphae. Setae not observed.Conidiophores hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, branched, to 30µm long. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical toslightly inflated, sometimes lacking a basal septum and continuouswith the conidiophore, sometimes proliferating and extending to forma new conidiogenous locus, discrete phialides measure 8.5–21 × 2.5–4 µm, opening 1–1.5 µm diam, collarette 1–1.5 µm long, periclinalthickening distinct. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate,straight, cylindrical with both ends slightly acute or one end roundand one end slightly acute, (12–)12–17.5(–25) × (3–) 3.5–4(–5) µm,mean ± SD = 14.8 ± 2.8 × 3.8 ± 0.5 µm, L/W ratio = 3.9. Appressoriasingle or in loose groups, pale brown, smooth-walled, mostly clavate,the edge entire to undulate, (5–)7.5–14.5(–18) × (2.5–)3.5–5(–6) µm,mean ± SD = 11.1 ± 3.4 × 4.3 ± 0.9 µm, L/W ratio = 2.6.Asexual morph on Anthriscus stem. Conidiomata possiblyacervular, but no basal cells observed. Setae not observed.Conidiophores hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, septate,branched, to 30 µm long. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smoothwalled,cylindrical to ampulliform, sometimes proliferating andextending to form a new conidiogenous locus, sometimespolyphialidic, 8.5–23 × 2.5–4.5 µm, opening 1–2 µm diam,collarette 0.5–1 µm long, periclinal thickening distinct. Conidiahyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight, cylindrical with bothends slightly acute, (9.5–)12–15(–17) × (3–)3.5–4 µm, mean ± SD= 13.5 ± 1.4 × 3.9 ± 0.3 µm, L/W ratio = 3.5.Culture characteristics: Colonies on SNA flat with entire margin,hyaline to pale cinnamon, on filter paper partly pale saffron, agarmedium partly covered with very short white aerial mycelium,www.studiesinmycology.org59
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Studies in Mycology 73 (September 2
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Colletotrichum: complex species or
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Damm et al.Table 1. Strains of Coll
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Damm et al.Table 1. (Continued).Gen
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Damm et al.are formed directly from
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Damm et al.Arx JA von (1957). Die A
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Damm et al.Masaba DM, Waller JM (19
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Weir et al.Table 1. A list of strai
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Weir et al.Table 1. (Continued).Spe
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Weir et al.Table 2. Primers used in
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Weir et al.11ICMP 17789 Malus USA1I
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Weir et al.Kahawae cladeC. alataeC.
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Weir et al.A0.991ICMP 17905 Coffea
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Weir et al.Conidial width variation
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Weir et al.G. c.“f.sp. camelliae
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Weir et al.Fig. 10. Colletotrichum
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Weir et al.Fig. 18. Glomerella cing
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Weir et al.Specimen examined: Thail
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Weir et al.Notes: First described f
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Weir et al.gossypii var. cephalospo
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Weir et al.to utilise either citrat
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Weir et al.Table 4. Performance of
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Weir et al.Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpe
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Weir et al.Simmonds JH (1968). Type
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Cannon et al.182
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Cannon et al.In rare instances, Col
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Cannon et al.Table 1. Summary of pr
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Cannon et al.Table 1. (Continued).P
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Cannon et al.Table 2. Colletotrichu
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Cannon et al.as did those for Colle
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Cannon et al.Table 3. Authentic seq
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Cannon et al.110.74 C. cuscutae IMI
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Cannon et al.C. lindemuthianum AB08
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Cannon et al.A further important ac
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Cannon et al.Hawksworth DL (2011).
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Cannon et al.Rodríguez-Guerra R, R
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Studies in MycologyStudies in Mycol
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CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 11:Taxon
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
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Colletotrichum: complex species or species ... - CBS - KNAW

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