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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 127warded for his activities. In November 1967 Diarra proposed rewarding Intalla‘who is the sole to render some service, by according him, with retrospectiveeffect from 1 January 1967, a monthly recompense of 10,000 francs, that, withoutnominating him as a tribal chief, will encourage him to serve with relativeloyalty’. 23 The 10,000 francs proposed was the same amount of money Intallahad earned as salary as assistant chief to his father in colonial times.Chiefs who did not collaborate faced a totally different fate. In February1967 Hamzata ag Alkassem of the Kel Telabit, Ebeug ag Elmouack of theTaghat Mellet, and Bissaada ag Ghakad of the Idnan protested against theforced education of girls and their inclusion in the Milice Populaire, which theybelieved to be against Islam. Two other chiefs, Oumayata ag Sidi of the Iforgoumoussenand Bégui ag Rabidine of the Ibotenaten, who were in the Cercleof Ménaka at that time but who also resisted the education of girls, escaped withmost of their tribes to Algeria before any measures could be taken againstthem. 24 The former three were removed from their unofficial office and broughtto trial. They were sentenced to forced labour, carrying out the most menialactivities, such as cleaning latrines. Being of advanced age, Ebeug ag Elmouackdied under this punishment in November 1967. 25The institution of the chieftaincy would survive the Keita Regime. It mighthave come out in a transformed way, as it had come out of the colonial periodin a transformed way, but the adaptive powers of African society and its internalpolitical structures to new circumstances, a well studied subject, proved just aseffective in the Adagh as elsewhere on the continent. After the 1968 coup d'étatagainst Keita, and the creation of the single party Union Démocratique duPeuple Malien (UDPM) by Moussa Traoré in 1979, which was less hostile totraditional leaders that the US-RDA had been, a number of tribal chiefs or theirsons managed to have themselves elected as representatives of their constituencies.Thus the traditional elite regained power in national politics after only twodecades of absence.The nomad problemWith the presentation of its first five-year plan in 1960, the Keita Governmenthad embarked on a rather ambitious scheme of modernisation and industrialisationfor the country. The plan counted on an extraordinary economic growthrate of 11% in the primary sector to finance the planned industrialisation and232425Rapport du Cdt. Cercle Kidal no 45/KI.C. Rélatif au comportement des chefs detribus nomades face à la révolution malienne. Kidal, 10/11/1967. ACK.Extrait de la revue mensuelle du mois de mars 1967 de l’Arrondissement nomadeTidarmene, Cercle Ménaka. ACK.Cdt. Cercle Kidal à Gov. Gao. Kidal, 15/12/1967. ACK.