ASC-075287668-2887-01

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364 INDEXMohamed Najim · 97, 119, 120, 144, 149,150Mokhtar ould Daddah · 53, 57, 145Morocco · 21, 38, 40, 45, 52-56, 58, 82,100, 108, 117, 125, 163, 180, 182, 219,235, 238, 309, 310, 326Moussa Keita · 59, 118Moussa Traoré · 127, 175, 188, 201, 255,259-261, 269, 272, 276, 293Mouvement pour l’Eveil du Monde Bellah ·296, 314MPA · 263, 264, 267, 268, 271, 278, 279,281, 282, 284, 287, 294, 301, 302, 307,311, 327, 329, 331Nahda al-Wattaniyya al-Mauritaniyya (seealso Partie pour la RenaissanceMauritanienne) · 41, 56, 58, 310Najim ag Sidi · 170National Pact · 249, 269-276, 279, 280,284, 287, 293-296, 299, 301, 304, 305,330, 335Nema · 57, 145, 326NGOAccord · 279, 335AEN · 201, 274, 279, 302Oxfam · 279UNHCR · 199, 273, 277, 318UNIDIR · 305World Vision · 253, 279Niamey · 100, 199, 202, 222Niono (refugee camp) · 63, 289nomad · 13, 22, 35-37, 39, 40, 43, 47, 48,50-52, 57, 74, 76, 77, 80, 85, 86, 95,112-114, 116-118, 121, 122, 127-131,133, 134, 136, 139, 146, 196, 200-202,205, 209, 212, 214, 247, 278, 288, 292,299, 311, 313camp · 205existence · 37, 54, 74, 77, 112, 129, 131,132, 292population · 43, 48, 51, 52, 57, 85, 95,117, 123, 131, 133, 139, 177, 196,201, 209, 280, 299populations · 43, 48, 51, 52, 117, 131,177, 196, 201supremacy · 47Norben · 96nuclear test baseI-n-Ekker · 145, 195, 253Reggane · 145, 162, 195Takormiasse · 145, 162, 164, 167, 195OCRS · 18, 20, 41-44, 46-53, 57, 117, 125,145, 151, 161, 200, 219, 309, 310Ouargla · 45, 48, 231, 234Ouillimiden · 6, 11, 84, 87, 88, 94, 109,156, 166, 282, 298Kel Ataram · 11, 87, 94, 109, 282, 298Kel Denneg · 11, 94, 109Ouzzein, Mount · 167, 169, 170Pakistan · 99, 210, 236, 322, 328pastoralism · 129, 194, 205PDS · 29, 33PFLP – General Command · 240PLO · 241, 242POLISARIO · 56, 213, 234, 235, 237, 309postcolonial · 4, 9, 20, 23, 30, 31, 58, 73,76, 77, 79, 80, 86, 129, 156, 166, 223,234society · 76, 79PSI · 326Qâdiriyya · 289Qhadhafi · 207, 237-240, 243, 274, 312,337race · 76, 77, 79-86, 91-93, 119, 148, 151,159, 250, 251, 290, 311-313racism · 20, 76, 79, 117, 118, 159, 207, 215,251, 285, 290, 291racial perceptions · 83racial relations · 78racialism · 313Raiwind · 322refugees · 176, 195, 199, 201, 203, 204,207, 221, 231, 261, 273, 276, 277, 296,318, 333camp · 139, 199, 200, 210, 277, 288internally displaced persons · 273returnees · 207, 273Reggane (see nuclear test base) · 145, 162,195regrouping zone · 177, 178, 183, 185, 187Rhissa ag Sidi Mohamed · 265, 275rifles · 133, 162, 163, 169, 170, 254rinderpest · 128Rio d’Oro · 54, 235Saan Yogo (refugee camp) · 277Sahel · 3, 20, 43, 48, 56, 79, 80, 82, 90, 91,146, 192, 196, 198, 200, 202, 203, 209,306, 311, 324, 326, 333Samory Touré · 61, 298Sarakole · 25
INDEX 365sattefen · 83, 84, 298, 313sefham · 231Segu · 60, 63, 168, 269, 297, 337Seguiet al-Hamra · 235senankuya · 251, 303, 304Senegal · 3, 29, 34, 57, 59, 62, 69, 72, 79,103, 146, 260, 326Senoufo · 25Service Civique · 68, 133, 136shaggaran · 83, 84, 313sheep · 128, 140-142, 303shorfa · 6, 268, 322, 328Sidi Alamine ag Cheick · 162, 169, 186Sidi Haïballa ould Abidine · 184Sidi Mohamed ag Oumayyata 'Embakoua' ·125, 184Sidi Mohamed ag Zocka · 38slaves (see iklan) · 5-7, 9, 13, 20, 50, 67,76, 78, 79, 82-85, 89-99, 102, 104-106,108, 113, 116, 119, 121, 132, 134, 136,143, 153, 159, 172, 206, 211, 223, 229,233, 252, 268, 291, 292, 297, 298, 312,314smuggling · 163, 205, 206, 225, 326Songhay · 2, 25, 48, 60-62, 75, 83, 93, 190,213, 232, 250, 251, 267, 278, 279, 285-287, 291-293, 295, 297, 298, 303Empire · 60-62, 75, 93, 297, 298Soumpi (killings) · 289Sunjata Keita · 60, 61Syria · 238, 240Tablighi Jamaat · 317, 322, 324, 328tagelmust (see eghewid) · 210Taghat Mellet · 12, 122, 127, 327Tahagart-shumara · 204, 212Tajakant · 45, 48, 56, 235takaraket · 5, 119, 157Takormiasse (see nuclear test base) · 145,162, 164, 167, 195takubilt · 247, 302, 316talaqqiw · 7tilaqqiwin · 7, 9, 256, 267, 280, 281, 283Tamanrasset · 37, 125, 145, 146, 162, 180,193, 199, 204, 207, 213, 235, 240, 245,247, 249, 261-270, 272, 275, 276, 279-281, 284, 297, 326Agreement · 249, 261-267, 269, 270,272, 276, 279, 280, 284Tamanrasset War · 193, 245, 280Tanekra · 13, 15, 21, 192, 193, 196, 213,214, 216-220, 223, 225, 228, 230-236,238, 239, 241-244, 246, 249, 252, 255,259, 261-266, 268, 270, 272, 279, 280,283, 287, 294-297, 310, 314movement · 14, 15, 193, 213, 214, 217,218, 220, 223, 228, 230-232, 234,236, 240, 242, 246, 259, 261, 262,265, 314Taoudennit · 202, 317, 334Tarkimt · 165, 178, 180, 186, 253, 256tasirnest · 210tax · 18, 71, 139-142, 150, 234, 272, 284,335cattle · 139-142, 149increase · 140per capita · 141tayite · 90Tekna · 45, 235Telabit · 131, 132, 135, 136, 177, 185, 186,253Telguetrat · 164temet · 5, 8, 9, 11, 16, 81, 284temushagha · 5, 7, 223, 268temust (tumast) · 218, 220, 222, 233, 246,284, 301Tenenkou · 289tengelt · 187Tengueregif · 109, 110, 298Tenguereguedesh · 106, 107Terakaft · 155, 214, 217, 248Territoire des Oasis · 53Teshumara · 13, 17, 21, 192, 193, 194, 196,204, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 223, 224,225, 228, 231, 232, 247, 267, 268, 269,276, 287, 295, 297culture · 13, 193, 196, 225, 268movement · 17, 194, 231, 267music · 247poets · 214Tessalit · 96, 132, 133, 136-138, 144, 146-149, 170, 174, 177-180, 202, 247, 273,326Tidarmène · 253, 254, 256, 321, 329tifinagh · 222Tigharghar, Mount (rebel base) · 166, 169,170, 255, 257, 268, 330, 335, 338Tikiane, Mount · 176tikunbut · 210Tilemsi · 2, 322Timbedgha · 56, 57Timbuktu · 5, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 44-50, 57,60, 61, 63, 75, 100, 109, 111, 117-119,123, 125, 140-142, 162, 163, 168, 181,199, 202, 213, 244, 248-250, 258, 265,
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Disputed desert
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Cover illustration: painting of Tam
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ContentsList of photos ixList of ta
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List of photos1.1 Bouyagui ould Abi
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But of course, most important were
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names, which I have found in many d
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urnousCantonCerclecheick (Ar.)Comma
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tayitetefoghessategezéteghereteher
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POLISARIOPSIPSPTSCTIUDPMUMADDUNHCRU
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Movement Date of creation Motivatio
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FM 62 Afaires Politiques: AOF-AEF (
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for his generosity in providing me
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IntroductionWhat is Alfellaga and w
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INTRODUCTION 3On a political map of
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INTRODUCTION 5most anthropologists
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INTRODUCTION 7Free - unfree. The ma
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INTRODUCTION 9tewsit is that of a w
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INTRODUCTION 11ideal of temet and t
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INTRODUCTION 13groups were regroupe
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INTRODUCTION 15formally sworn to se
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INTRODUCTION 17a poem valuable is t
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INTRODUCTION 19Their reports reflec
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INTRODUCTION 21independence led to
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Creating Mali1From the 1960s onward
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Competing nationalismsCREATING MALI
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CREATING MALI 27achieved. In fact,
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CREATING MALI 29Keita and the Seneg
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CREATING MALI 31sions. 17 More impo
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CREATING MALI 33colonial administra
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CREATING MALI 35Koutiala, Bougouni,
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CREATING MALI 37Azawad areas, the f
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CREATING MALI 39tribe in Gourma Rha
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CREATING MALI 41tical party, the Na
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CREATING MALI 43One problem in the
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CREATING MALI 45Of all the officers
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CREATING MALI 47According to Bruce
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CREATING MALI 49arrival he organise
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CREATING MALI 51sion. 79 At its ina
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CREATING MALI 53balance yet. The Na
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CREATING MALI 55the means to stop t
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CREATING MALI 57Moroccan AJM member
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CREATING MALI 59This was perhaps du
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CREATING MALI 61jihad-states and th
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CREATING MALI 63national radio. Eac
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CREATING MALI 65to higher ranks to
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CREATING MALI 67searchers studying
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CREATING MALI 69rule: a means to ta
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CREATING MALI 71rally, were arreste
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CREATING MALI 73policies. To purge
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 75Af
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 77Bu
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 79re
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 81by
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 83so
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 85th
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 89fr
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 91la
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 93Af
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 95re
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 97va
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 99ar
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 101b
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 103S
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 105I
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 107m
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 109T
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 111t
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 113i
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 115a
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 117I
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 119M
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 121w
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 127w
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 129n
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 131T
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 133t
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 137p
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 139f
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 143F
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 147U
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 149Z
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Alfellaga4Declaration received from
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ALFELLAGA 155Tamasheq society in or
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ALFELLAGA 157- and the others. He w
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ALFELLAGA 159The reasons are numero
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ALFELLAGA 161as we do from the Fren
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ALFELLAGA 163The initial group of a
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ALFELLAGA 165ag Saghid, chief of th
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ALFELLAGA 167southward to Kidal. He
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ALFELLAGA 169cars from the Bamako b
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ALFELLAGA 171attentively, and in th
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ALFELLAGA 173behaviour and warrior
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ALFELLAGA 175was clear to the Malia
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ALFELLAGA 177civilians, whom they v
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ALFELLAGA 179clude extreme obesity
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ALFELLAGA 181diary. In return for h
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ALFELLAGA 183To those who could not
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ALFELLAGA 185cheick, and one of the
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ALFELLAGA 187dead, followed by the
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ALFELLAGA 189portance of Alfellaga
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ALFELLAGA 191well, Diby said, I sha
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REVOLUTION: TESHUMARA AND TANEKRA 1
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Rebellion: Al-Jebha (1990-1996)6On
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 251movement pro
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 253area simulta
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 255traditional
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 257they were sh
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 259on both side
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 261because of s
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 263The ‘confu
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 265We have crea
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 267fledged VIII
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 269The wise men
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 271town of El G
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 273gration in c
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 275organisation
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 277a pilot proj
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 279of a large t
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 281tewsit had f
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 283siten in Nor
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 285on the crowd
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 287ation to Zah
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 289the Western
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 291are, the mor
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 293ness; deceit
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 295many bellah
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 297origins. Dur
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 299the Malian G
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 301As his leade
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 303and organise
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 305movie is ins
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 307cook in. In
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CONCLUSIONS 309of a new political e
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CONCLUSIONS 311to promote the inter
Page 339 and 340: CONCLUSIONS 313course on ‘the oth
Page 341 and 342: CONCLUSIONS 315the egha of the imgh
Page 343 and 344: EPILOGUE 317from the Gulf and Saudi
Page 345 and 346: EPILOGUE 319The programme first too
Page 347 and 348: EPILOGUE 321In most of Mali the new
Page 349 and 350: EPILOGUE 323based in traditional So
Page 351 and 352: EPILOGUE 325The GSPC is an offshoot
Page 353 and 354: EPILOGUE 327addition, American troo
Page 355 and 356: EPILOGUE 329A further problem in bo
Page 357 and 358: EPILOGUE 331onally sent to the so-c
Page 359 and 360: EPILOGUE 333attention could put pre
Page 361 and 362: EPILOGUE 335Whereas the National Pa
Page 363 and 364: EPILOGUE 337besieging the Malian Ar
Page 365: EPILOGUE 339return for personal car
Page 368 and 369: 342 REFERENCESBERNUS, E. (1981), To
Page 370 and 371: 344 REFERENCESCRAWFORD YOUNG, M. (1
Page 372 and 373: 346 REFERENCESJAMOUS, R. (1981), Ho
Page 374 and 375: 348 REFERENCESNADI, D. (2007), Inst
Page 376 and 377: 350 REFERENCESTRIAUD, J-L. (1986),
Page 378 and 379: 352 REFERENCESS. TAMASHEQ, woman wh
Page 380 and 381: 354 REFERENCESUnpublished manuscrip
Page 382 and 383: 356 REFERENCESKAUFMANN, H. (1964),
Page 385 and 386: IndexAbdelaziz Bouteflika · 147Abd
Page 387 and 388: INDEX 361CRN · 269Dabakar · 202,
Page 389: INDEX 363Kel Intessar · 37, 39, 49
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