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152 CHAPTER 3Intekoua ward. Have you seen it? It was led by the current Algerian PresidentBouteflika himself! Well, this promise was betrayed, just like thepromises by the French, by the local commander. Do you really believe theFrench commanders and the FLN would promise to cooperate with Zeyd’srebels? Come on! Only, the whole thing started too soon. It was Elledi who,at Timeaouine, took the gun of the goumiers who had beheaded his father.That’s the direct cause of 1963, which has nothing to do with what Zeydand Amegha did. There you are. In short, that is what has happened in theAdagh in 1963.Moussa sipped his tea and it was clear that the subject was now closed. 90There you are indeed. It is not so much the density of the story that is interesting,but Moussa’s surprise about me asking in the first place. It is all soobvious and clear, nothing to inquire about. To the Kel Adagh, dissatisfactionwith the Keita Regime – as with other Malian regimes – is almost natural. Theyshould never have been part of Mali in the first place, since the French hadpromised them independence, and then they were deceived, as could be expectedfrom Malians, and French, and the FLN alike. With the hindsight of thehistorian, it is now clear to Moussa that the Kel Adagh had miscalculated theinternational setting they found themselves in. But in the early 1960s with theFrench still in Mali and Algeria, and the Arab brothers of the FLN around thecorner, anything seemed possible, or so rumour had it.90Interview with Moussa Baswish. Kidal, January 1999.