ASC-075287668-2887-01

More documents

Recommendations

Info

364 INDEXMohamed Najim · 97, 119, 120, 144, 149,150Mokhtar ould Daddah · 53, 57, 145Morocco · 21, 38, 40, 45, 52-56, 58, 82,100, 108, 117, 125, 163, 180, 182, 219,235, 238, 309, 310, 326Moussa Keita · 59, 118Moussa Traoré · 127, 175, 188, 201, 255,259-261, 269, 272, 276, 293Mouvement pour l’Eveil du Monde Bellah ·296, 314MPA · 263, 264, 267, 268, 271, 278, 279,281, 282, 284, 287, 294, 301, 302, 307,311, 327, 329, 331Nahda al-Wattaniyya al-Mauritaniyya (seealso Partie pour la RenaissanceMauritanienne) · 41, 56, 58, 310Najim ag Sidi · 170National Pact · 249, 269-276, 279, 280,284, 287, 293-296, 299, 301, 304, 305,330, 335Nema · 57, 145, 326NGOAccord · 279, 335AEN · 201, 274, 279, 302Oxfam · 279UNHCR · 199, 273, 277, 318UNIDIR · 305World Vision · 253, 279Niamey · 100, 199, 202, 222Niono (refugee camp) · 63, 289nomad · 13, 22, 35-37, 39, 40, 43, 47, 48,50-52, 57, 74, 76, 77, 80, 85, 86, 95,112-114, 116-118, 121, 122, 127-131,133, 134, 136, 139, 146, 196, 200-202,205, 209, 212, 214, 247, 278, 288, 292,299, 311, 313camp · 205existence · 37, 54, 74, 77, 112, 129, 131,132, 292population · 43, 48, 51, 52, 57, 85, 95,117, 123, 131, 133, 139, 177, 196,201, 209, 280, 299populations · 43, 48, 51, 52, 117, 131,177, 196, 201supremacy · 47Norben · 96nuclear test baseI-n-Ekker · 145, 195, 253Reggane · 145, 162, 195Takormiasse · 145, 162, 164, 167, 195OCRS · 18, 20, 41-44, 46-53, 57, 117, 125,145, 151, 161, 200, 219, 309, 310Ouargla · 45, 48, 231, 234Ouillimiden · 6, 11, 84, 87, 88, 94, 109,156, 166, 282, 298Kel Ataram · 11, 87, 94, 109, 282, 298Kel Denneg · 11, 94, 109Ouzzein, Mount · 167, 169, 170Pakistan · 99, 210, 236, 322, 328pastoralism · 129, 194, 205PDS · 29, 33PFLP – General Command · 240PLO · 241, 242POLISARIO · 56, 213, 234, 235, 237, 309postcolonial · 4, 9, 20, 23, 30, 31, 58, 73,76, 77, 79, 80, 86, 129, 156, 166, 223,234society · 76, 79PSI · 326Qâdiriyya · 289Qhadhafi · 207, 237-240, 243, 274, 312,337race · 76, 77, 79-86, 91-93, 119, 148, 151,159, 250, 251, 290, 311-313racism · 20, 76, 79, 117, 118, 159, 207, 215,251, 285, 290, 291racial perceptions · 83racial relations · 78racialism · 313Raiwind · 322refugees · 176, 195, 199, 201, 203, 204,207, 221, 231, 261, 273, 276, 277, 296,318, 333camp · 139, 199, 200, 210, 277, 288internally displaced persons · 273returnees · 207, 273Reggane (see nuclear test base) · 145, 162,195regrouping zone · 177, 178, 183, 185, 187Rhissa ag Sidi Mohamed · 265, 275rifles · 133, 162, 163, 169, 170, 254rinderpest · 128Rio d’Oro · 54, 235Saan Yogo (refugee camp) · 277Sahel · 3, 20, 43, 48, 56, 79, 80, 82, 90, 91,146, 192, 196, 198, 200, 202, 203, 209,306, 311, 324, 326, 333Samory Touré · 61, 298Sarakole · 25
INDEX 365sattefen · 83, 84, 298, 313sefham · 231Segu · 60, 63, 168, 269, 297, 337Seguiet al-Hamra · 235senankuya · 251, 303, 304Senegal · 3, 29, 34, 57, 59, 62, 69, 72, 79,103, 146, 260, 326Senoufo · 25Service Civique · 68, 133, 136shaggaran · 83, 84, 313sheep · 128, 140-142, 303shorfa · 6, 268, 322, 328Sidi Alamine ag Cheick · 162, 169, 186Sidi Haïballa ould Abidine · 184Sidi Mohamed ag Oumayyata 'Embakoua' ·125, 184Sidi Mohamed ag Zocka · 38slaves (see iklan) · 5-7, 9, 13, 20, 50, 67,76, 78, 79, 82-85, 89-99, 102, 104-106,108, 113, 116, 119, 121, 132, 134, 136,143, 153, 159, 172, 206, 211, 223, 229,233, 252, 268, 291, 292, 297, 298, 312,314smuggling · 163, 205, 206, 225, 326Songhay · 2, 25, 48, 60-62, 75, 83, 93, 190,213, 232, 250, 251, 267, 278, 279, 285-287, 291-293, 295, 297, 298, 303Empire · 60-62, 75, 93, 297, 298Soumpi (killings) · 289Sunjata Keita · 60, 61Syria · 238, 240Tablighi Jamaat · 317, 322, 324, 328tagelmust (see eghewid) · 210Taghat Mellet · 12, 122, 127, 327Tahagart-shumara · 204, 212Tajakant · 45, 48, 56, 235takaraket · 5, 119, 157Takormiasse (see nuclear test base) · 145,162, 164, 167, 195takubilt · 247, 302, 316talaqqiw · 7tilaqqiwin · 7, 9, 256, 267, 280, 281, 283Tamanrasset · 37, 125, 145, 146, 162, 180,193, 199, 204, 207, 213, 235, 240, 245,247, 249, 261-270, 272, 275, 276, 279-281, 284, 297, 326Agreement · 249, 261-267, 269, 270,272, 276, 279, 280, 284Tamanrasset War · 193, 245, 280Tanekra · 13, 15, 21, 192, 193, 196, 213,214, 216-220, 223, 225, 228, 230-236,238, 239, 241-244, 246, 249, 252, 255,259, 261-266, 268, 270, 272, 279, 280,283, 287, 294-297, 310, 314movement · 14, 15, 193, 213, 214, 217,218, 220, 223, 228, 230-232, 234,236, 240, 242, 246, 259, 261, 262,265, 314Taoudennit · 202, 317, 334Tarkimt · 165, 178, 180, 186, 253, 256tasirnest · 210tax · 18, 71, 139-142, 150, 234, 272, 284,335cattle · 139-142, 149increase · 140per capita · 141tayite · 90Tekna · 45, 235Telabit · 131, 132, 135, 136, 177, 185, 186,253Telguetrat · 164temet · 5, 8, 9, 11, 16, 81, 284temushagha · 5, 7, 223, 268temust (tumast) · 218, 220, 222, 233, 246,284, 301Tenenkou · 289tengelt · 187Tengueregif · 109, 110, 298Tenguereguedesh · 106, 107Terakaft · 155, 214, 217, 248Territoire des Oasis · 53Teshumara · 13, 17, 21, 192, 193, 194, 196,204, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 223, 224,225, 228, 231, 232, 247, 267, 268, 269,276, 287, 295, 297culture · 13, 193, 196, 225, 268movement · 17, 194, 231, 267music · 247poets · 214Tessalit · 96, 132, 133, 136-138, 144, 146-149, 170, 174, 177-180, 202, 247, 273,326Tidarmène · 253, 254, 256, 321, 329tifinagh · 222Tigharghar, Mount (rebel base) · 166, 169,170, 255, 257, 268, 330, 335, 338Tikiane, Mount · 176tikunbut · 210Tilemsi · 2, 322Timbedgha · 56, 57Timbuktu · 5, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 44-50, 57,60, 61, 63, 75, 100, 109, 111, 117-119,123, 125, 140-142, 162, 163, 168, 181,199, 202, 213, 244, 248-250, 258, 265,
Page 1:
Disputed desert
Page 4 and 5:
Cover illustration: painting of Tam
Page 7 and 8:
ContentsList of photos ixList of ta
Page 9 and 10:
List of photos1.1 Bouyagui ould Abi
Page 11 and 12:
But of course, most important were
Page 13 and 14:
names, which I have found in many d
Page 15 and 16:
urnousCantonCerclecheick (Ar.)Comma
Page 17 and 18:
tayitetefoghessategezéteghereteher
Page 19 and 20:
POLISARIOPSIPSPTSCTIUDPMUMADDUNHCRU
Page 21 and 22:
Movement Date of creation Motivatio
Page 23 and 24:
FM 62 Afaires Politiques: AOF-AEF (
Page 25 and 26:
for his generosity in providing me
Page 27 and 28:
IntroductionWhat is Alfellaga and w
Page 29 and 30:
INTRODUCTION 3On a political map of
Page 31 and 32:
INTRODUCTION 5most anthropologists
Page 33 and 34:
INTRODUCTION 7Free - unfree. The ma
Page 35 and 36:
INTRODUCTION 9tewsit is that of a w
Page 37 and 38:
INTRODUCTION 11ideal of temet and t
Page 39 and 40:
INTRODUCTION 13groups were regroupe
Page 41 and 42:
INTRODUCTION 15formally sworn to se
Page 43 and 44:
INTRODUCTION 17a poem valuable is t
Page 45 and 46:
INTRODUCTION 19Their reports reflec
Page 47 and 48:
INTRODUCTION 21independence led to
Page 49 and 50:
Creating Mali1From the 1960s onward
Page 51 and 52:
Competing nationalismsCREATING MALI
Page 53 and 54:
CREATING MALI 27achieved. In fact,
Page 55 and 56:
CREATING MALI 29Keita and the Seneg
Page 57 and 58:
CREATING MALI 31sions. 17 More impo
Page 59 and 60:
CREATING MALI 33colonial administra
Page 61 and 62:
CREATING MALI 35Koutiala, Bougouni,
Page 63 and 64:
CREATING MALI 37Azawad areas, the f
Page 65 and 66:
CREATING MALI 39tribe in Gourma Rha
Page 67 and 68:
CREATING MALI 41tical party, the Na
Page 69 and 70:
CREATING MALI 43One problem in the
Page 71 and 72:
CREATING MALI 45Of all the officers
Page 73 and 74:
CREATING MALI 47According to Bruce
Page 75 and 76:
CREATING MALI 49arrival he organise
Page 77 and 78:
CREATING MALI 51sion. 79 At its ina
Page 79 and 80:
CREATING MALI 53balance yet. The Na
Page 81 and 82:
CREATING MALI 55the means to stop t
Page 83 and 84:
CREATING MALI 57Moroccan AJM member
Page 85 and 86:
CREATING MALI 59This was perhaps du
Page 87 and 88:
CREATING MALI 61jihad-states and th
Page 89 and 90:
CREATING MALI 63national radio. Eac
Page 91 and 92:
CREATING MALI 65to higher ranks to
Page 93 and 94:
CREATING MALI 67searchers studying
Page 95 and 96:
CREATING MALI 69rule: a means to ta
Page 97 and 98:
CREATING MALI 71rally, were arreste
Page 99 and 100:
CREATING MALI 73policies. To purge
Page 101 and 102:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 75Af
Page 103 and 104:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 77Bu
Page 105 and 106:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 79re
Page 107 and 108:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 81by
Page 109 and 110:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 83so
Page 111 and 112:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 85th
Page 115 and 116:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 89fr
Page 117 and 118:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 91la
Page 119 and 120:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 93Af
Page 121 and 122:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 95re
Page 123 and 124:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 97va
Page 125 and 126:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 99ar
Page 127 and 128:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 101b
Page 129 and 130:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 103S
Page 131 and 132:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 105I
Page 133 and 134:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 107m
Page 135 and 136:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 109T
Page 137 and 138:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 111t
Page 139 and 140:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 113i
Page 141 and 142:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 115a
Page 143 and 144:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 117I
Page 145 and 146:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 119M
Page 147 and 148:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 121w
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 127w
Page 155 and 156:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 129n
Page 157 and 158:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 131T
Page 159 and 160:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 133t
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 137p
Page 165 and 166:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 139f
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 143F
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 147U
Page 175 and 176:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 149Z
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Alfellaga4Declaration received from
Page 181 and 182:
ALFELLAGA 155Tamasheq society in or
Page 183 and 184:
ALFELLAGA 157- and the others. He w
Page 185 and 186:
ALFELLAGA 159The reasons are numero
Page 187 and 188:
ALFELLAGA 161as we do from the Fren
Page 189 and 190:
ALFELLAGA 163The initial group of a
Page 191 and 192:
ALFELLAGA 165ag Saghid, chief of th
Page 193 and 194:
ALFELLAGA 167southward to Kidal. He
Page 195 and 196:
ALFELLAGA 169cars from the Bamako b
Page 197 and 198:
ALFELLAGA 171attentively, and in th
Page 199 and 200:
ALFELLAGA 173behaviour and warrior
Page 201 and 202:
ALFELLAGA 175was clear to the Malia
Page 203 and 204:
ALFELLAGA 177civilians, whom they v
Page 205 and 206:
ALFELLAGA 179clude extreme obesity
Page 207 and 208:
ALFELLAGA 181diary. In return for h
Page 209 and 210:
ALFELLAGA 183To those who could not
Page 211 and 212:
ALFELLAGA 185cheick, and one of the
Page 213 and 214:
ALFELLAGA 187dead, followed by the
Page 215 and 216:
ALFELLAGA 189portance of Alfellaga
Page 217 and 218:
ALFELLAGA 191well, Diby said, I sha
Page 219 and 220:
REVOLUTION: TESHUMARA AND TANEKRA 1
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Rebellion: Al-Jebha (1990-1996)6On
Page 277 and 278:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 251movement pro
Page 279 and 280:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 253area simulta
Page 281 and 282:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 255traditional
Page 283 and 284:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 257they were sh
Page 285 and 286:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 259on both side
Page 287 and 288:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 261because of s
Page 289 and 290:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 263The ‘confu
Page 291 and 292:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 265We have crea
Page 293 and 294:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 267fledged VIII
Page 295 and 296:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 269The wise men
Page 297 and 298:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 271town of El G
Page 299 and 300:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 273gration in c
Page 301 and 302:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 275organisation
Page 303 and 304:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 277a pilot proj
Page 305 and 306:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 279of a large t
Page 307 and 308:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 281tewsit had f
Page 309 and 310:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 283siten in Nor
Page 311 and 312:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 285on the crowd
Page 313 and 314:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 287ation to Zah
Page 315 and 316:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 289the Western
Page 317 and 318:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 291are, the mor
Page 319 and 320:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 293ness; deceit
Page 321 and 322:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 295many bellah
Page 323 and 324:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 297origins. Dur
Page 325 and 326:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 299the Malian G
Page 327 and 328:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 301As his leade
Page 329 and 330:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 303and organise
Page 331 and 332:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 305movie is ins
Page 333 and 334:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 307cook in. In
Page 335 and 336:
CONCLUSIONS 309of a new political e
Page 337 and 338:
CONCLUSIONS 311to promote the inter
Page 339 and 340: CONCLUSIONS 313course on ‘the oth
Page 341 and 342: CONCLUSIONS 315the egha of the imgh
Page 343 and 344: EPILOGUE 317from the Gulf and Saudi
Page 345 and 346: EPILOGUE 319The programme first too
Page 347 and 348: EPILOGUE 321In most of Mali the new
Page 349 and 350: EPILOGUE 323based in traditional So
Page 351 and 352: EPILOGUE 325The GSPC is an offshoot
Page 353 and 354: EPILOGUE 327addition, American troo
Page 355 and 356: EPILOGUE 329A further problem in bo
Page 357 and 358: EPILOGUE 331onally sent to the so-c
Page 359 and 360: EPILOGUE 333attention could put pre
Page 361 and 362: EPILOGUE 335Whereas the National Pa
Page 363 and 364: EPILOGUE 337besieging the Malian Ar
Page 365: EPILOGUE 339return for personal car
Page 368 and 369: 342 REFERENCESBERNUS, E. (1981), To
Page 370 and 371: 344 REFERENCESCRAWFORD YOUNG, M. (1
Page 372 and 373: 346 REFERENCESJAMOUS, R. (1981), Ho
Page 374 and 375: 348 REFERENCESNADI, D. (2007), Inst
Page 376 and 377: 350 REFERENCESTRIAUD, J-L. (1986),
Page 378 and 379: 352 REFERENCESS. TAMASHEQ, woman wh
Page 380 and 381: 354 REFERENCESUnpublished manuscrip
Page 382 and 383: 356 REFERENCESKAUFMANN, H. (1964),
Page 385 and 386: IndexAbdelaziz Bouteflika · 147Abd
Page 387 and 388: INDEX 361CRN · 269Dabakar · 202,
Page 389: INDEX 363Kel Intessar · 37, 39, 49
show all

ASC-075287668-2887-01

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?