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REVOLUTION: TESHUMARA AND TANEKRA 217sheq had a far more moderate standpoint with regards to the state, but a farmore radical outlook on the necessary changes within Tamasheq society itself.Teshumara and formal education were not mutually exclusive but theeducational efforts of the ishumar were hard to sustain due to their illegal,migratory existence. Most of their interests were in practical skills such asmechanics, masonry or electronics, which they acquired on the job. Besides,their education was in Arabic (which accounted for part of the Musliminfluences within the Teshumara), whereas those educated in Mali wereinstructed in French. This greatly hampered communication on intellectualmatters. Both groups simply used other terms and vocabulary to express themselves.To the ishumar, education meant something different than reading,writing and calculus. To them, education meant political education and awarenessabout the situation Tamasheq society found itself in. On the other hand, anumber of educated Kel Tamasheq lived an ishumar existence for a part of theirlives as migrants in Algeria, Libya or elsewhere. Although they had moresteady jobs – often as teachers – they too were confronted with illegality,discrimination, expulsions and the other Teshumara experiences. A number ofthese évolué-cum-ishumar would become influential members of the Tanekramovement during one period or another. Students based in Europe in particularwould come to hold a special position during the rebellion, as they dispersedinformation on the rebellion in Europe and provided contact between the rebelsand various organisations. Nevertheless, animosity between these educated KelTamasheq and the ‘true’ ishumar ran high.I’ve heard you are educatedWe have not seen the benefitOur history is known to allBut you bear no witnessThe tears of the old burn all living heartsAnd the image of children who lost allSearching for water without haltAt deep, dried-up wellsAnd you tell me you live normallyAn organised, quiet lifeSince your birth you run in vainSurrounded by enemiesThe easy life always escapes youUnless you make some effort to commit yourselfTo reach that truth that belongs to you 5757Islegh Teghram (I have heard you are educated), Keddu ag Ossad, Libya 1986.Available on: Terakaft. 2008. Akh Issudar. World Village, B001EC23S0.