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Abbreviations and acronymsADCADEMAADIDEADVRAEEMAEFAENALMAOFARLAATNMCBAUACAR/NordCNIDCRNFIAAFLNFNLAFPLAFPLSACFULAGIAGSPCMDJTMFUAMNJMPAMPGKOCRSPAREMPDSPFLPAlliance Démocratique pour le Changement 23 MaiAlliance Démocratiqe du MaliAssociation des Démandeurs et Initiateurs d’EmploiAssociation de la Défense des Victimes de la RépressionAssociation des Etudiants et Elèves du MaliAfrique équatoriale françaiseAide de l’Eglise Norvégienne (Norwegian Church Aid)Armée de Libération MarocaineAfrique occidentale françaiseArmée Révolutionaire pour la Libération de l’AzawadAlliance Touarègue Niger-Mali pour le ChangementBase Autonome du TimétrineConsolidation des Acquis de la Réinsertion au NordComité National d’Initiative DémocratiqueConseil pour la Réconciliation NationaleFront Islamique Arabe de l’AzawadFront de Libération NationaleFront National de Libération de l’AzawadFront Populaire pour la Libération de l’AzawadFront Populaire pour la Libération du Sahara Arabe CentralFront Unifié pour la Libération de l’AzawadGroupe Islamique ArméGroupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le CombatMouvement pour la Démocratie et la Justice au TchadMouvements et Fronts Unifiés de l’AzawadMouvement des Nigériens pour la JusticeMouvement Populaire de l’AzawadMouvement Patriotique Ganda KoyOrganisation Commune des Régions SahariennesProgramme d’Appui à la Réinsertion des ex-Combattants auMaliParti Démocratique SoudanaisPopular Front for the Liberation of Palestinexviii
POLISARIOPSIPSPTSCTIUDPMUMADDUNHCRUNIDIRUS-AIDUS-RDAFrente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y Riode OroPan-Sahel InitiativeParti Socialiste Progressif also Parti Progressiste du SoudanTrans-Saharan Counter Terrorism InitiativeUnion Démocratique du Peuple MalienUnion Malienne pour la Démocratie et le DéveloppementUnited Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesUnited Nations Institute for Disarmament ResearchUnited States Agency for International DevelopmentUnion Soudanaise – Rassemblement DémocratiqueAfricainexix
Page 1: Disputed desert
Page 4 and 5: Cover illustration: painting of Tam
Page 7 and 8: ContentsList of photos ixList of ta
Page 9 and 10: List of photos1.1 Bouyagui ould Abi
Page 11 and 12: But of course, most important were
Page 13 and 14: names, which I have found in many d
Page 15 and 16: urnousCantonCerclecheick (Ar.)Comma
Page 17: tayitetefoghessategezéteghereteher
Page 21 and 22: Movement Date of creation Motivatio
Page 23 and 24: FM 62 Afaires Politiques: AOF-AEF (
Page 25 and 26: for his generosity in providing me
Page 27 and 28: IntroductionWhat is Alfellaga and w
Page 29 and 30: INTRODUCTION 3On a political map of
Page 31 and 32: INTRODUCTION 5most anthropologists
Page 33 and 34: INTRODUCTION 7Free - unfree. The ma
Page 35 and 36: INTRODUCTION 9tewsit is that of a w
Page 37 and 38: INTRODUCTION 11ideal of temet and t
Page 39 and 40: INTRODUCTION 13groups were regroupe
Page 41 and 42: INTRODUCTION 15formally sworn to se
Page 43 and 44: INTRODUCTION 17a poem valuable is t
Page 45 and 46: INTRODUCTION 19Their reports reflec
Page 47 and 48: INTRODUCTION 21independence led to
Page 49 and 50: Creating Mali1From the 1960s onward
Page 51 and 52: Competing nationalismsCREATING MALI
Page 53 and 54: CREATING MALI 27achieved. In fact,
Page 55 and 56: CREATING MALI 29Keita and the Seneg
Page 57 and 58: CREATING MALI 31sions. 17 More impo
Page 59 and 60: CREATING MALI 33colonial administra
Page 61 and 62: CREATING MALI 35Koutiala, Bougouni,
Page 63 and 64: CREATING MALI 37Azawad areas, the f
Page 65 and 66: CREATING MALI 39tribe in Gourma Rha
Page 67 and 68: CREATING MALI 41tical party, the Na
Page 69 and 70:
CREATING MALI 43One problem in the
Page 71 and 72:
CREATING MALI 45Of all the officers
Page 73 and 74:
CREATING MALI 47According to Bruce
Page 75 and 76:
CREATING MALI 49arrival he organise
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CREATING MALI 51sion. 79 At its ina
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CREATING MALI 53balance yet. The Na
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CREATING MALI 55the means to stop t
Page 83 and 84:
CREATING MALI 57Moroccan AJM member
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CREATING MALI 59This was perhaps du
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CREATING MALI 61jihad-states and th
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CREATING MALI 63national radio. Eac
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CREATING MALI 65to higher ranks to
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CREATING MALI 67searchers studying
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CREATING MALI 69rule: a means to ta
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CREATING MALI 71rally, were arreste
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CREATING MALI 73policies. To purge
Page 101 and 102:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 75Af
Page 103 and 104:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 77Bu
Page 105 and 106:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 79re
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 81by
Page 109 and 110:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 83so
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 85th
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 89fr
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 91la
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 93Af
Page 121 and 122:
RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 95re
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 97va
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 99ar
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 101b
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 103S
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 105I
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 107m
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 109T
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 111t
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 113i
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 115a
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 117I
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 119M
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 121w
Page 149 and 150:
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 127w
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 129n
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 131T
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 133t
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 137p
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 139f
Page 167 and 168:
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 143F
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 147U
Page 175 and 176:
MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 149Z
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Alfellaga4Declaration received from
Page 181 and 182:
ALFELLAGA 155Tamasheq society in or
Page 183 and 184:
ALFELLAGA 157- and the others. He w
Page 185 and 186:
ALFELLAGA 159The reasons are numero
Page 187 and 188:
ALFELLAGA 161as we do from the Fren
Page 189 and 190:
ALFELLAGA 163The initial group of a
Page 191 and 192:
ALFELLAGA 165ag Saghid, chief of th
Page 193 and 194:
ALFELLAGA 167southward to Kidal. He
Page 195 and 196:
ALFELLAGA 169cars from the Bamako b
Page 197 and 198:
ALFELLAGA 171attentively, and in th
Page 199 and 200:
ALFELLAGA 173behaviour and warrior
Page 201 and 202:
ALFELLAGA 175was clear to the Malia
Page 203 and 204:
ALFELLAGA 177civilians, whom they v
Page 205 and 206:
ALFELLAGA 179clude extreme obesity
Page 207 and 208:
ALFELLAGA 181diary. In return for h
Page 209 and 210:
ALFELLAGA 183To those who could not
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ALFELLAGA 185cheick, and one of the
Page 213 and 214:
ALFELLAGA 187dead, followed by the
Page 215 and 216:
ALFELLAGA 189portance of Alfellaga
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ALFELLAGA 191well, Diby said, I sha
Page 219 and 220:
REVOLUTION: TESHUMARA AND TANEKRA 1
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Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
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Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
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Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
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Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Rebellion: Al-Jebha (1990-1996)6On
Page 277 and 278:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 251movement pro
Page 279 and 280:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 253area simulta
Page 281 and 282:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 255traditional
Page 283 and 284:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 257they were sh
Page 285 and 286:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 259on both side
Page 287 and 288:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 261because of s
Page 289 and 290:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 263The ‘confu
Page 291 and 292:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 265We have crea
Page 293 and 294:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 267fledged VIII
Page 295 and 296:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 269The wise men
Page 297 and 298:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 271town of El G
Page 299 and 300:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 273gration in c
Page 301 and 302:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 275organisation
Page 303 and 304:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 277a pilot proj
Page 305 and 306:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 279of a large t
Page 307 and 308:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 281tewsit had f
Page 309 and 310:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 283siten in Nor
Page 311 and 312:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 285on the crowd
Page 313 and 314:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 287ation to Zah
Page 315 and 316:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 289the Western
Page 317 and 318:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 291are, the mor
Page 319 and 320:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 293ness; deceit
Page 321 and 322:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 295many bellah
Page 323 and 324:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 297origins. Dur
Page 325 and 326:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 299the Malian G
Page 327 and 328:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 301As his leade
Page 329 and 330:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 303and organise
Page 331 and 332:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 305movie is ins
Page 333 and 334:
REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 307cook in. In
Page 335 and 336:
CONCLUSIONS 309of a new political e
Page 337 and 338:
CONCLUSIONS 311to promote the inter
Page 339 and 340:
CONCLUSIONS 313course on ‘the oth
Page 341 and 342:
CONCLUSIONS 315the egha of the imgh
Page 343 and 344:
EPILOGUE 317from the Gulf and Saudi
Page 345 and 346:
EPILOGUE 319The programme first too
Page 347 and 348:
EPILOGUE 321In most of Mali the new
Page 349 and 350:
EPILOGUE 323based in traditional So
Page 351 and 352:
EPILOGUE 325The GSPC is an offshoot
Page 353 and 354:
EPILOGUE 327addition, American troo
Page 355 and 356:
EPILOGUE 329A further problem in bo
Page 357 and 358:
EPILOGUE 331onally sent to the so-c
Page 359 and 360:
EPILOGUE 333attention could put pre
Page 361 and 362:
EPILOGUE 335Whereas the National Pa
Page 363 and 364:
EPILOGUE 337besieging the Malian Ar
Page 365:
EPILOGUE 339return for personal car
Page 368 and 369:
342 REFERENCESBERNUS, E. (1981), To
Page 370 and 371:
344 REFERENCESCRAWFORD YOUNG, M. (1
Page 372 and 373:
346 REFERENCESJAMOUS, R. (1981), Ho
Page 374 and 375:
348 REFERENCESNADI, D. (2007), Inst
Page 376 and 377:
350 REFERENCESTRIAUD, J-L. (1986),
Page 378 and 379:
352 REFERENCESS. TAMASHEQ, woman wh
Page 380 and 381:
354 REFERENCESUnpublished manuscrip
Page 382 and 383:
356 REFERENCESKAUFMANN, H. (1964),
Page 385 and 386:
IndexAbdelaziz Bouteflika · 147Abd
Page 387 and 388:
INDEX 361CRN · 269Dabakar · 202,
Page 389 and 390:
INDEX 363Kel Intessar · 37, 39, 49
Page 391 and 392:
INDEX 365sattefen · 83, 84, 298, 3
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