ASC-075287668-2887-01

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ContentsList of photos ixList of tables ixAcknowledgements xOn terminology, spelling and pronunciationList of terminology xivAbbreviations and acronyms xviiiAn overview of the movements xxSources xxiiMap of Northern Mali xxvixiiINTRODUCTION 1Kel Tamasheq politics 3An ethnography of historical research 14A reader’s guide to this book 191. CREATING MALI 23Competing nationalisms 25From Soudan Français to the Mali Republic 27Party politics in Soudan Français 29International complications 40Creating Mali 58Coercion, resistance and control 68Epilogue 722. RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 74Colonial images 77Race 79The bellah question 92The slave trade to Mecca 99Les guerriers des sables 108Nomad anarchy 112Epilogue 113vii
Page 1: Disputed desert
Page 4 and 5: Cover illustration: painting of Tam
Page 8 and 9: 3. MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 1
Page 10 and 11: AcknowledgementsThis book has been
Page 12 and 13: On terminology, spelling and pronun
Page 14 and 15: List of terminologyFrench or Tamash
Page 16 and 17: taneslimt (f.s.) tineslemen (f.pl.)
Page 18 and 19: Abbreviations and acronymsADCADEMAA
Page 20 and 21: An overview of the movementsMovemen
Page 22 and 23: SourcesArchivesIn Mali, I have made
Page 24 and 25: serve a public interest, they are m
Page 26 and 27: Map of Northern Malixxvi
Page 28 and 29: 2 INTRODUCTION‘Clash of Civilisat
Page 30 and 31: 4 INTRODUCTIONThe bases of social-p
Page 32 and 33: 6 INTRODUCTIONcategorised as ‘bla
Page 34 and 35: 8 INTRODUCTION‘the way of the imu
Page 36 and 37: 10 INTRODUCTIONclan of the free/str
Page 38 and 39: 12 INTRODUCTIONKel Denneg, were dis
Page 40 and 41: 14 INTRODUCTIONdissolution formalis
Page 42 and 43: 16 INTRODUCTIONwhole: At-tarikh, wr
Page 44 and 45: 18 INTRODUCTIONmediary of some of i
Page 46 and 47: 20 INTRODUCTIONelsewhere to deconst
Page 48 and 49: 22 INTRODUCTIONmon nationalist proj
Page 50 and 51: 24 CHAPTER 1Biafra war and the Kata
Page 52 and 53: 26 CHAPTER 1nation-state. It should
Page 54 and 55: 28 CHAPTER 1enlargement of the comp
Page 56 and 57:
30 CHAPTER 1Davidson rightly points
Page 58 and 59:
32 CHAPTER 1denied. Despite their c
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34 CHAPTER 1do something to relieve
Page 62 and 63:
36 CHAPTER 1held in Kidal between 1
Page 64 and 65:
38 CHAPTER 1school and a madrasa wa
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40 CHAPTER 11959, without ever bein
Page 68 and 69:
42 CHAPTER 1When he gave France a l
Page 70 and 71:
44 CHAPTER 1project, the Soudanese
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46 CHAPTER 1Arab, pan-Islamic and M
Page 74 and 75:
48 CHAPTER 1danese domination. We h
Page 76 and 77:
50 CHAPTER 1The effects of the Qadi
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52 CHAPTER 1shortly after the procl
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54 CHAPTER 1anti-French sentiments
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56 CHAPTER 1Saharan aspirations to
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58 CHAPTER 1Photo 1.1Bouyagui ould
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60 CHAPTER 1with only the most subs
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62 CHAPTER 1How far Malian national
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64 CHAPTER 1Mali was administrative
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66 CHAPTER 1village as the primary
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68 CHAPTER 1been the domain of elde
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70 CHAPTER 1responded by sending tw
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72 CHAPTER 1inside the country in o
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Race, stereotypes and politics2If o
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76 CHAPTER 2the departure of the Fr
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78 CHAPTER 2cribed as a ‘courting
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80 CHAPTER 2history to explain and
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82 CHAPTER 2present-day Sudan. 23 T
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84 CHAPTER 2of race was purely base
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86 CHAPTER 2were the French colonia
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90 CHAPTER 2population of Mali had
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92 CHAPTER 2The bellah questionOne
Page 120 and 121:
94 CHAPTER 2lished. Many slaves ind
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96 CHAPTER 2luctant to send their c
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98 CHAPTER 2to emancipate the bella
Page 126 and 127:
100 CHAPTER 2Government. It will be
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102 CHAPTER 21,083,304.55 Francs. 7
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104 CHAPTER 2without him filing com
Page 132 and 133:
106 CHAPTER 2checked. By 1961, the
Page 134 and 135:
108 CHAPTER 2dullah Faysal who had
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110 CHAPTER 2nearly two months. Thi
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112 CHAPTER 2Nomad anarchyBesides b
Page 140 and 141:
Mali’s mission civilisatrice3In h
Page 142 and 143:
116 CHAPTER 3among the Kel Adagh wh
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118 CHAPTER 3agreement on good term
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120 CHAPTER 3clusion by the state a
Page 148 and 149:
122 CHAPTER 3incorporation in the M
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124 CHAPTER 3portance in the buildu
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126 CHAPTER 3Attaher has said he wi
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128 CHAPTER 3infrastructural invest
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130 CHAPTER 3Diallo gave a very viv
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132 CHAPTER 3made sedentary life le
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134 CHAPTER 3Fasobara and the Servi
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136 CHAPTER 3crucial point: Israel
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138 CHAPTER 3nation in the 19 th an
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140 CHAPTER 3Officially the new tax
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142 CHAPTER 3Table 3.4 Average numb
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144 CHAPTER 3analyses, and, if not
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146 CHAPTER 3gerian independence. T
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148 CHAPTER 3themselves. The French
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150 CHAPTER 3ways in which tax coll
Page 178 and 179:
152 CHAPTER 3Intekoua ward. Have yo
Page 180 and 181:
154 CHAPTER 4the defiance of Alla a
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156 CHAPTER 4number of his relative
Page 184 and 185:
158 CHAPTER 4self. Elledi could do
Page 186 and 187:
160 CHAPTER 4We had no ideological
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162 CHAPTER 4gha engaged himself in
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164 CHAPTER 4to the rebels in Alger
Page 192 and 193:
166 CHAPTER 4geographical and histo
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168 CHAPTER 4military goum units of
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170 CHAPTER 4Saloum raided the goum
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172 CHAPTER 4of his comrade, and th
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174 CHAPTER 4successful raid was he
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176 CHAPTER 4hand, akafal is the la
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178 CHAPTER 4Reply - We fled from t
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180 CHAPTER 4pounding grain, fetchi
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182 CHAPTER 4Photo 4.1Captured rebe
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184 CHAPTER 4Diby’s ovenWorst of
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186 CHAPTER 4had been taken prisone
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188 CHAPTER 4difficulties in pressi
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190 CHAPTER 4Tamasheq veil and turb
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Revolution: Teshumara andand Tanekr
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194 CHAPTER 5TeshumaraThe Tamasheq
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196 CHAPTER 5a number of young chil
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198 CHAPTER 5were struck just as ha
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200 CHAPTER 5common practice by all
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202 CHAPTER 5MigrationThe droughts
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204 CHAPTER 5important of these cen
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206 CHAPTER 5but to take up manual
Page 234 and 235:
208 CHAPTER 5molested at the Libyan
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210 CHAPTER 5Not only dietary habit
Page 238 and 239:
212 CHAPTER 5the Kaaba in Mecca or
Page 240 and 241:
214 CHAPTER 5guitar music, the taka
Page 242 and 243:
216 CHAPTER 5lim world and the new
Page 244 and 245:
218 CHAPTER 5The nicknames tagged o
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220 CHAPTER 5belonging to a state.
Page 248 and 249:
222 CHAPTER 5the rich Arabs support
Page 250 and 251:
224 CHAPTER 5military power; religi
Page 252 and 253:
226 CHAPTER 5The Nietzsche-inspired
Page 254 and 255:
228 CHAPTER 5I have a question for
Page 256 and 257:
230 CHAPTER 5The various currents w
Page 258 and 259:
232 CHAPTER 5Me:Sallah:Me:Sallah:Wh
Page 260 and 261:
234 CHAPTER 5The importance of terr
Page 262 and 263:
236 CHAPTER 5A first conflict withi
Page 264 and 265:
238 CHAPTER 5The creation of the FP
Page 266 and 267:
240 CHAPTER 5cutive office met with
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242 CHAPTER 5They serve as an expla
Page 270 and 271:
244 CHAPTER 5Leadership remained in
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246 CHAPTER 5or ‘executions of tr
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248 CHAPTER 5au Désert in Tessalit
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250 CHAPTER 6repeated attacks by re
Page 278 and 279:
252 CHAPTER 6the autochtonous Malia
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254 CHAPTER 6the practically unarme
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256 CHAPTER 6up other positions wit
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258 CHAPTER 6special permits, as di
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260 CHAPTER 6problematic. In 1979,
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262 CHAPTER 6sheq from Mali. Moreov
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264 CHAPTER 6The year nineteen hund
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266 CHAPTER 6other side of reality
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268 CHAPTER 6allies only a short de
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270 CHAPTER 6(which, at that point,
Page 298 and 299:
272 CHAPTER 6signing of the Nationa
Page 300 and 301:
274 CHAPTER 6ponsibility for the mi
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276 CHAPTER 6lose what they thought
Page 304 and 305:
278 CHAPTER 6camps at the Mali-Maur
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280 CHAPTER 6Masters of the Land: F
Page 308 and 309:
282 CHAPTER 6chief dominancy within
Page 310 and 311:
284 CHAPTER 6was ousted from its ba
Page 312 and 313:
286 CHAPTER 6perhaps with the help
Page 314 and 315:
288 CHAPTER 6respond in attacking S
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290 CHAPTER 6by and watched. 67 The
Page 318 and 319:
292 CHAPTER 6chief. And he said to
Page 320 and 321:
294 CHAPTER 6May 1994, the rebellio
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296 CHAPTER 6under rebel attacks. 7
Page 324 and 325:
298 CHAPTER 6pite evidence to the c
Page 326 and 327:
300 CHAPTER 6ants; would not carry
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302 CHAPTER 6had toured the surroun
Page 330 and 331:
304 CHAPTER 6can also exist between
Page 332 and 333:
306 CHAPTER 6arms in Northern Mali
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Conclusion7I began the introduction
Page 336 and 337:
310 CHAPTER 7The last competitor wa
Page 338 and 339:
312 CHAPTER 7political entities con
Page 340 and 341:
314 CHAPTER 7society. Whether the
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EpilogueThe rebellion ended but des
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318 EPILOGUEreceived electricity. A
Page 346 and 347:
320 EPILOGUEadministrative office i
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322 EPILOGUEpolitical elite had ass
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324 EPILOGUEContrary to what more s
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326 EPILOGUEOctober 2004, El Para w
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328 EPILOGUEthe tribal structure or
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330 EPILOGUEHe quickly became the c
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332 EPILOGUE10. the democratic defi
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334 EPILOGUEkilling one of the GSPC
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336 EPILOGUEnumber of warriors, inc
Page 364 and 365:
338 EPILOGUEkeep the peace as much
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ReferencesAG AHAR, E. (1991), L’i
Page 369 and 370:
REFERENCES 343BRUIJN, DE, M. & H. V
Page 371 and 372:
REFERENCES 345GILMORE, D.D. (1987),
Page 373 and 374:
REFERENCES 347LAMP, F. (1996), Danc
Page 375 and 376:
REFERENCES 349ROSSILLION, C. (1966)
Page 377 and 378:
REFERENCES 351CHEIK OUMAR SISSOKO,
Page 379 and 380:
REFERENCES 353La route des esclaves
Page 381 and 382:
REFERENCES 355BERGE, G. (2000), In
Page 383:
REFERENCES 357DiscographyAFEL BOCOU
Page 386 and 387:
360 INDEXath-Thawra · 263ATNMC ·
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362 INDEXGoundam · 18, 35-39, 44,
Page 390 and 391:
364 INDEXMohamed Najim · 97, 119,
Page 392:
366 INDEX266, 273, 276, 278, 288, 2
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