ASC-075287668-2887-01

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362 INDEXGoundam · 18, 35-39, 44, 48-52, 100, 102-104, 108, 117, 118, 123, 140-142, 144,181, 263, 282, 320Gourma · 39, 50, 96, 100, 101, 103, 110,111, 118, 119, 123, 140, 287Gourma Rharous · 39, 50, 96, 100, 101,103, 110, 119, 140, 287GSPC · 317, 324, 326, 329, 333, 334, 338hajj · 38, 39, 100, 103, 106Halboubouti, Mount (rebel base) · 282, 284Hammoadi · 110Hamzata ag Alkassem · 127haratin · 82, 83, 92, 295Hassan ag Fagaga · 330, 331, 335Henny van der Graaf, Lieutenant-General ·305High Modernism · 66Hombori · 39, 69, 278, 305Horma ould Babana · 53, 58human investment · 68, 69, 71, 99, 133-135Ibotenaten · 127Ibrahim ag Bahanga · 321, 329-331, 335-339Ifoghas · 2, 6, 8, 12, 15, 81, 84, 87, 91, 119,124, 142, 146, 149, 153, 155, 159, 164,184, 190, 244, 245, 261, 265, 267-269,281, 301, 315, 322, 327, 329, 331, 336,338Iforgoumoussen · 127, 149, 321, 329, 330,331, 336iklan · 5, 85, 89, 93, 96, 314akli · 5, 7slave trade · 20, 76, 79, 99, 100, 102,104-106, 108, 311slaves · 5-7, 9, 13, 20, 50, 67, 76, 78, 79,82-85, 89-99, 102, 104-106, 108,113, 116, 119, 121, 132, 134, 136,143, 153, 159, 172, 206, 211, 223,229, 233, 252, 268, 291, 292, 297,298, 312, 314taklit · 5Ilyas ag Ayyouba · 162, 166, 180-182, 185,190, 230imghadamghid · 5, 7timgheda · 7, 268, 329imushagh · 2, 4, 6, 7, 84, 194, 282, 298amashegh · 4, 6, 7inadan · 5blacksmiths · 5enad · 5tenad · 5induced narrative · 21, 229I-n-Ekker (see nuclear test base) · 145, 162,195, 253ineslemen · 5, 6, 188, 194, 212, 283, 289alfaqiten · 6aneslim · 5I-n-Guezzam · 277Intalla ag Attaher · 39, 186, 261, 281, 301,320, 322, 327I-n-Taykaren, Mount (rebel base) · 253,255, 256, 282, 287intellectuals · 33, 81, 202, 222, 237, 252,262, 268, 271, 275, 279, 287, 292-295,301Irayakan · 155, 157, 167Irreguenaten · 110, 165, 213Ishidenharen · 84, 166, 190, 265, 266, 282,296, 321ishumar · 17, 189, 194, 195, 204-206, 208,210-213, 215-218, 221, 222, 224, 225,229-238, 241-243, 246, 248, 250, 255,256, 262, 263, 267-269, 274, 279, 300,310, 314, 318, 327, 329ashamor · 194, 275dress code · 210neighbourhoods · 212tashamort · 194, 213tishumarin · 194, 204Islam · 1, 5, 45, 75, 80-83, 87, 88, 91, 127,185, 188, 195, 210, 212, 216, 238, 268,323, 324, 328, 333Israel · 135, 241Issouf ag Cheick · 162, 166, 186, 230, 231,240, 245Istiqlâl party · 40, 53-55Ivory Coast · 3, 69, 72, 215, 286Iyad ag Ghali · 209, 243, 252, 262-264,266, 268-271, 279, 281, 293, 294, 320-322, 327, 330, 335Jean Clauzel · 78, 87, 135, 150jihad · 61, 109, 219, 324Kaocen ag Kedda · 77, 109Kassoum Touré · 71Kel Aïr · 109, 219Kel Ajjer · 109, 145, 219Kel Effele · 91, 126, 146, 327, 330Kel Essuq · 6, 202, 215, 289, 298, 318Kel Gheris · 96Kel Hoggar · 10, 87, 94, 109, 110, 125,145, 204, 214, 219
INDEX 363Kel Intessar · 37, 39, 49, 100, 103, 104,109, 117-120, 144, 146, 166, 233, 265,282, 320Kel Nimagiler · 234, 244, 310Kel Taghlit · 12Kel Takailelt · 298, 318Kel Telabit · 127, 164Kidal · 14, 15, 18, 36, 38, 63, 70, 71, 73,88, 89, 91, 95-98, 108, 118, 119, 123-127, 131-138, 140-144, 146-155, 157-159, 161-171, 173, 177, 178, 180-188,190, 196, 202, 207, 208, 222, 227-230,232, 234, 235, 239, 244-247, 252, 254,261, 266, 273, 280, 281, 284, 292, 300,307, 314, 316, 317, 319, 321, 322, 324,327, 329, 331, 333-335Cercle · 126, 127, 131, 149, 150, 162,163, 170, 174, 185, 186, 196, 252Région · 84, 267, 335King Hassan II · 235Kokadjè (operation) · 258koual · 82-84, 313Kounta · 39, 45, 50, 88, 109, 110, 121, 149,184, 322, 338l’exode · 203Lamine Diallo · 285Lazaret (refugee camp) · 199Lebanon · 227, 237, 239-243, 254, 265,275, 280, 281Leopold Sédar Senghor · 29Léré · 265, 287, 296, 306, 307Léré (massacre) · 286Libya · 38, 100, 105, 107, 146, 201, 203,204, 206-209, 213, 215, 217, 220, 221,231-234, 236, 238-243, 245, 262, 265,280, 300, 310, 316, 318, 326, 339Logomaten · 32, 109Loi-Cadre 1956 · 121Madeira Keita · 33, 40, 48-50, 72, 106, 117,118, 123, 126, 146, 150, 151Maliadministration · 13, 18, 76, 79, 116, 122,124, 131, 142-144, 149, 203, 223,313, 319Empire · 60-62, 297government · 324Mali Federation · 29Malian Armed Forces · 22, 134, 136,137, 142, 154, 163, 165, 167, 169,171, 173, 175, 176, 179, 181, 188,189, 191, 197, 228, 230, 232, 241,249, 252-254, 256, 258, 259, 262,265, 273, 275, 281, 284, 286, 288,295, 296, 301, 305, 334, 335, 337,338nationalism · 20, 22, 24-26, 41, 58, 61,62, 67, 71, 115, 187, 218, 250, 251,298, 304, 308, 309, 312, 315Mamadou Diakité · 186Mamadou Gologo · 59, 61, 72Mamadou Konaté · 33Mande · 3, 25, 34, 60-63, 67, 91, 112, 128,133, 134, 196, 298, 303, 305, 309culture (see Mali nationalism) · 62, 303kingdoms · 62, 63nation (see Mali nationalism) · 62, 67,309national character · 62, 67marabout · 125, 184Marcel Cardaire · 44, 45, 99, 103, 106, 145Marius Moutet · 71masculinity · 2, 154, 155, 171, 174, 194,212Mauritania · 3, 40, 41, 42, 45, 50, 52-54,56-58, 79, 83, 110, 145, 146, 150, 221,235, 238, 277, 309, 310, 318, 326Max Lejeune · 44, 49, 71Ménaka · 15, 70, 84, 88, 92, 93, 95, 96,118, 123, 127, 136, 140-142, 150, 163,166, 185, 190, 191, 229, 240, 241, 243,244, 246, 252, 254-256, 261, 266, 273,280, 285, 296, 300, 307, 321, 329, 331MFUA · 271-275, 279, 281, 283, 284, 286,287, 294, 295, 304, 305, 307Milice Populaire · 72, 127militaryadministration · 11, 311training camp · 116, 147, 234, 237, 239,243, 244Minianka · 25Modibo Keita · 29, 33, 34, 48, 49, 51, 59,61, 64-66, 69, 70, 72, 107, 117, 118,135, 147, 149, 151, 180, 181, 183, 187,292, 293Mohamed Adargajouj · 232Mohamed ag Intalla · 125Mohamed Ali ag Attaher Insar · 35, 37, 38,46, 99, 100, 104, 107, 125, 146, 162,163, 166, 180, 181, 195, 233Mohamed Elmehdi ag Attaher Insar · 50,100, 104Mohamed Mahmoud ould Cheick (Qadi ofTimbuktu) · 44-46, 48, 50, 89, 124, 151
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Disputed desert
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Cover illustration: painting of Tam
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ContentsList of photos ixList of ta
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List of photos1.1 Bouyagui ould Abi
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But of course, most important were
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names, which I have found in many d
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urnousCantonCerclecheick (Ar.)Comma
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tayitetefoghessategezéteghereteher
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POLISARIOPSIPSPTSCTIUDPMUMADDUNHCRU
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Movement Date of creation Motivatio
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FM 62 Afaires Politiques: AOF-AEF (
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for his generosity in providing me
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IntroductionWhat is Alfellaga and w
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INTRODUCTION 3On a political map of
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INTRODUCTION 5most anthropologists
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INTRODUCTION 7Free - unfree. The ma
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INTRODUCTION 9tewsit is that of a w
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INTRODUCTION 11ideal of temet and t
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INTRODUCTION 13groups were regroupe
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INTRODUCTION 15formally sworn to se
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INTRODUCTION 17a poem valuable is t
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INTRODUCTION 19Their reports reflec
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INTRODUCTION 21independence led to
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Creating Mali1From the 1960s onward
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Competing nationalismsCREATING MALI
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CREATING MALI 27achieved. In fact,
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CREATING MALI 29Keita and the Seneg
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CREATING MALI 31sions. 17 More impo
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CREATING MALI 33colonial administra
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CREATING MALI 35Koutiala, Bougouni,
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CREATING MALI 37Azawad areas, the f
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CREATING MALI 39tribe in Gourma Rha
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CREATING MALI 41tical party, the Na
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CREATING MALI 43One problem in the
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CREATING MALI 45Of all the officers
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CREATING MALI 47According to Bruce
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CREATING MALI 49arrival he organise
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CREATING MALI 51sion. 79 At its ina
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CREATING MALI 53balance yet. The Na
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CREATING MALI 55the means to stop t
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CREATING MALI 57Moroccan AJM member
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CREATING MALI 59This was perhaps du
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CREATING MALI 61jihad-states and th
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CREATING MALI 63national radio. Eac
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CREATING MALI 65to higher ranks to
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CREATING MALI 67searchers studying
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CREATING MALI 69rule: a means to ta
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CREATING MALI 71rally, were arreste
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CREATING MALI 73policies. To purge
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 75Af
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 77Bu
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 79re
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 81by
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 83so
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 85th
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 89fr
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 91la
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 93Af
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 95re
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 97va
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 99ar
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 101b
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 103S
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 105I
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 107m
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 109T
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 111t
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RACE, STEREOTYPES AND POLITICS 113i
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 115a
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 117I
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 119M
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 121w
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 127w
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 129n
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 131T
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 133t
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 137p
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 139f
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 143F
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 147U
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MALI’S MISSION CIVILISATRICE 149Z
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Alfellaga4Declaration received from
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ALFELLAGA 155Tamasheq society in or
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ALFELLAGA 157- and the others. He w
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ALFELLAGA 159The reasons are numero
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ALFELLAGA 161as we do from the Fren
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ALFELLAGA 163The initial group of a
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ALFELLAGA 165ag Saghid, chief of th
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ALFELLAGA 167southward to Kidal. He
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ALFELLAGA 169cars from the Bamako b
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ALFELLAGA 171attentively, and in th
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ALFELLAGA 173behaviour and warrior
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ALFELLAGA 175was clear to the Malia
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ALFELLAGA 177civilians, whom they v
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ALFELLAGA 179clude extreme obesity
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ALFELLAGA 181diary. In return for h
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ALFELLAGA 183To those who could not
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ALFELLAGA 185cheick, and one of the
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ALFELLAGA 187dead, followed by the
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ALFELLAGA 189portance of Alfellaga
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ALFELLAGA 191well, Diby said, I sha
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REVOLUTION: TESHUMARA AND TANEKRA 1
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Rebellion: Al-Jebha (1990-1996)6On
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 251movement pro
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 253area simulta
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 255traditional
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 257they were sh
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 259on both side
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 261because of s
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 263The ‘confu
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 265We have crea
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 267fledged VIII
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 269The wise men
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 271town of El G
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 273gration in c
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 275organisation
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 277a pilot proj
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 279of a large t
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 281tewsit had f
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 283siten in Nor
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 285on the crowd
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 287ation to Zah
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 289the Western
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 291are, the mor
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 293ness; deceit
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 295many bellah
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 297origins. Dur
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 299the Malian G
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 301As his leade
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 303and organise
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 305movie is ins
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REBELLION: AL-JEBHA 307cook in. In
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CONCLUSIONS 309of a new political e
Page 337 and 338: CONCLUSIONS 311to promote the inter
Page 339 and 340: CONCLUSIONS 313course on ‘the oth
Page 341 and 342: CONCLUSIONS 315the egha of the imgh
Page 343 and 344: EPILOGUE 317from the Gulf and Saudi
Page 345 and 346: EPILOGUE 319The programme first too
Page 347 and 348: EPILOGUE 321In most of Mali the new
Page 349 and 350: EPILOGUE 323based in traditional So
Page 351 and 352: EPILOGUE 325The GSPC is an offshoot
Page 353 and 354: EPILOGUE 327addition, American troo
Page 355 and 356: EPILOGUE 329A further problem in bo
Page 357 and 358: EPILOGUE 331onally sent to the so-c
Page 359 and 360: EPILOGUE 333attention could put pre
Page 361 and 362: EPILOGUE 335Whereas the National Pa
Page 363 and 364: EPILOGUE 337besieging the Malian Ar
Page 365: EPILOGUE 339return for personal car
Page 368 and 369: 342 REFERENCESBERNUS, E. (1981), To
Page 370 and 371: 344 REFERENCESCRAWFORD YOUNG, M. (1
Page 372 and 373: 346 REFERENCESJAMOUS, R. (1981), Ho
Page 374 and 375: 348 REFERENCESNADI, D. (2007), Inst
Page 376 and 377: 350 REFERENCESTRIAUD, J-L. (1986),
Page 378 and 379: 352 REFERENCESS. TAMASHEQ, woman wh
Page 380 and 381: 354 REFERENCESUnpublished manuscrip
Page 382 and 383: 356 REFERENCESKAUFMANN, H. (1964),
Page 385 and 386: IndexAbdelaziz Bouteflika · 147Abd
Page 387: INDEX 361CRN · 269Dabakar · 202,
Page 391 and 392: INDEX 365sattefen · 83, 84, 298, 3
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