The Life of the Prophet Muhammad by Ibn Kathir - Volume 2 of 4

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350 THE LIFE OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD Al-Bukh%i stated, "Qutayba related to us, quoting al-Layth, from Bukayr, from Sulayman h. Yasar, from Aba Hurayra, who said, 'The Messenger of God (SAAS) sent us on a mission and told us, "If you should find so-and-so and soand-so, then burn them in the fire." Later, as we were about to leave, he told us, "I ordered you to burn them in the fire; hut only God punishes by the fire, so if you find them, execute them.""' Ibn Ishnq related that Aha alLCAs remained an unbeliever in Mecca while Zaynab resided with her father in Medina. This was the situation until, shortly before the conquest (of Mecca) Aha al-'As left on a business trip on behalf of Quraysh. On his way hack from Syria a raiding party met and overcame his caravan, and took all they had, though he escaped. He then went by night to his wife Zaynab and asked protection from her, which she gave him. "When, next morning, the Messenger of God (SAAS) went forth for the prayer and spoke the words, Allzhu Akbar, God is most Great! and the people repeated this, someone cried out from the women's ranks, "0 people, I have given protection to Abo alLCAs b. al-Rahic!" "When the Messenger of God (SAAS) had finished the prayer, he turned to the worshippers and asked, 'Did you hear what I heard?' 'Yes, we did,' they answered. He then said, 'I swear by Him who holds the soul of Muhammad in His hands, I heard nothing of this until I heard it when you did. And the lowest ranked Muslim may give protection on behalf of all.' "He then went to his daughter Zaynab and said to her, 'Daughter, treat him with honour; but let him not come close to you, for you are not lawful to him.' The Messenger of God (SAAS) then sent word that what had been taken from him should he returned, and they did so, keeping nothing hack. "Aha alLCAs then took it and returned with it to Mecca. There he paid off each person to whom he had a debt, making sure that he had omitted no one. He asked them, 'Quraysh, do I owe any of you money you have not yet received?' They responded, 'No, may God reward you well! We have found you to he fair and honourable.' "He then said, 'I now bear witness that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger. I swear that the only thing that prevented my accepting Islam while I was with him was my concern that you would think that I was doing so only to appropriate your property. God having returned it to you and I being free of it, I now accept Islam.' "He then returned to the Messenger of God (SAAS)." Ibn Ishaq stated, LLDa'iid b. al-Husayn related to me, from %ma, from Ibn 'Abbs, who said, 'The Messenger of God (SAAS) returned Zaynab to her former marriage without further ceremony." This hadith was related by Imam Ahmad, Aba Da'iid al-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah from an account given by Ihn Ishaq. Al-Tirmidhi stated, "There is nothing wrong with its chain of authorities."
IMAM ABU AL-FIDA' ISMA'IL IBN KATHiR 351 However, we do not know the provenance of this hadith. It probably derived from the memory of Da'ad b. al-Husayn. Al-Suhayli stated, "As far as I know, none of the legal scholars vouched for it." In one reading the words used are, "and the Messenger of God (SAAS) returned her to him after six years." And in another, L'after two years, by the first marriage." Ibn Jarir related it in this form. Yet another reading states, 'Lhe did not effect a marriage." This hadirh has caused difficulties for many scholars. Their basic premise is that if a woman is a Muslim while her husband is an unbeliever, and this is the situation before the consummation, then the disunion should occur immediately. If, however, this occurs after the consummation of the marriage, then he ought to wait out the '~dda~~ period. If he should accept Islam during that period then her marriage to him would continue. If he had not accepted Islam by the time that period had concluded, then her marriage would be dissolved. Zaynab, God bless her, had become a Muslim when the Messenger of God (SAAS) received his mission, and emigrated one month after Badr. Muslim women were declared forbidden to polytheists in the year of Hudaybiyya, 6 AH, while Abij al-'As accepted Islam before the conquest (of Mecca) in 8 AH. Therefore those who state that the Messenger of God (SAAS) returned her to hi after six years, that is from the date of her emigration, are correct. And those who say it was after two years, that is two years after Muslim women were forbidden to polytheists, are also correct. By any calculation it is obvious that the conclusion of her 'rdda period would have occurred during this period which was at least two years, or thereabouts, following the forbidding of Muslim women to unbelievers, and so the question remains how he could have returned her to him by the first marriage. Some suggest that it is conceivable that her 'sdda period had not ended, and that this story relates to an oath that must be presumed. Some scholars oppose this hadith with the previous one related by Abad, al-Tirmidhi, and Ibn Msjah, from one of d-Hajjaj b. ArG1, from 'Amr b. Shu'ayb, from his father, from his grandfather, which has the Messenger of God (SAAS) returning his daughter to Abfi al-'As b. al-Rabi' after a new dowry and a new wedding ceremony. Imam Ahmad stated, "This hadith is weak and unfounded, and al-Hajjaj did not hear it from 'Amr b. Shu'ayb, but rather from Muhammad b. Wbayd Allah a&-'Arzami. And the ahadith of d-'Arzami are worthless. The t~uth is that which related that the Prophet (SAAS) affirmed her in her first marriage." Al-Darqumi maintained the same, saying, "This hadith lacks foundation; it is the hadith of Ibn 'Abb% that is correct, namely, that the Messenger of God (SAAS) returned her to him by the first marriage." 76. The period of waiting prescribed for a woman in Islamic law between the conclusion of one marriage and the commencement of another.
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The Center for Muslim Contribution
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CONTENTS Foreword About this Series
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CONTENTS vii Chapter: On the birth
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In the Name of God, the Beneficent,
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ABOUT THIS SERIES THIS series of Ar
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CENTER FOR MUSLIM CONTRIBUTION TO C
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INTRODUCTION HE work at hand in its
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INTRODUCTION xvii rather rudimentar
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INTRODUCTION nix scholars of Islami
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INTRODUCTION xxi in pertinent ways.
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INTRODUCTION xxiii Finally, the tru
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TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE xxv ave been i
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2 THE LIFE OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD
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The Life of the Prophet Muhammad by Ibn Kathir - Volume 2 of 4

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