Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry

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Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry 1317. Witnesses asserted that the following agencies were responsible for demolition: a. Nine mosques were reportedly demolished by General Security with the involvement of the BDF who secured the perimeter. 662 These were Masjid Al Imam Al Hasan, Masjid Salman Al Faresi, Masjid Al Imam Al Baqer, Masjid Al Mo'men, Masjid Al Sheikh Youssef, Masjid Amir Mohamed Mohamed Barbagi, Masjid Al Imam Al Hasan Al Askari, Masjid Al Sadeq, and Masjid Al Sheikh Al A’abed. b. 14 mosques were reportedly demolished by the General Security alone. These were Masjid El Abou Thir el Ghiffari, Masjid Al Douweira, Masjid Al Imam Al Sadeq, Masjid Al Imam Al Hadi, Masjid Al Imam Al Jawwad, Masjid Ein Rastan, Masjid Fedak Al Zahraa, Masjid Al Rasool Al A'azam, Masjid Al Baqei', Masjid Al Imam Al Sajjad, Masjid Al Imam Ali, Masjid Salman Al Mohamadi, Masjid Al Imam Aliand Masjid Al Wateyya–Masjid Saheb Al Aser wa Al Zaman. c. One mosque was reportedly demolished by General Security with the help of Asian expatriates and two others were demolished by Bahraini nationals. It was impossible for the investigators to ascertain the identity of the Asian expatriates and the civilians. These mosques were respectively Masjid Abou Taleb, Masjid Al Sadeqand and Masjid Ma'atam Al Imam Al Hadi. d. One mosque was demolished by municipal workers only. This was Masjid Om Al Baneen in Hamad Town. e. The demolition of one mosque, Masjid Fatima Al Zahraa in Zayed Town, was attributed, by the community, to a private security company but Commission investigators were unable to identify the reported company. f. Al Sayeda Zeinab mosque in Hamad Town was burned by unknown assailants. g. Maqam Kadam El Mahdi–Al Wateyya in Al Mahouz District and Masjid Al Kouweikebat were demolished by unknown assailants. 1318. The MMAUP reported that it had attached a municipal notice of violation to the 28 places of worship that were demolished after adoption of Decree No. 2105-05 of 2011. Some of the notices were issued as early as 15 March 2011. The notices were designed to advise the owners and the general 662 No specific military units could be identified. 324
Chapter VII — Other Human Rights Issues public that the location was scheduled for removal or demolition due to violations of the Building Regulation Law (1977). 663 1319. Though Decree No. 2105-05 of 2011 was issued on 10 April 2011, GoB media outlets had begun alerting the general public the day before (9 April 2011) that the MMAUP would be carrying out the removal of unauthorised structures, illegal cabins and stores, etc. These news alerts continued for a week. 1320. The two main methods used for demolition were manual tools (sledgehammers) and heavy machinery (loaders, bulldozers, cranes and heavy trucks). Heavy machinery was used to demolish places of worship and also to remove debris and rubble from the sites. Heavy machinery was also used to demolish permanent structures, as well as Shinko cabins and other semipermanent structures. In addition to these two main means of demolition, two mosques were burned. These were Al Kouweikebat in Al Kawra Village and Al Sayeda Zeinab mosque in Hamad Town. Both of these demolitions by fire were attributed to unknown assailants. 1321. Complainants and eyewitnesses reported that the events surrounding the demolition of the various places of worship were almost identical. They stated that General Security and/or Riot Police descended on a site, removed any worshippers and prevented the gathering crowds from interfering with the demolition. They claimed that municipal workers then started working on the demolition of the site and that, in some instances, General Security and/or Riot Police themselves carried out the demolition. 1322. During the course of their field visits, Commission investigators were informed that General Security and/or Riot Police forbade the locals from removing the Qurans and other religious artefacts from the places of worship prior to their demolition. d) The Government’s Position 1323. The MMAUP indicated a number of legal grounds on which decisions to carry out a demolition had been reached: absence of a royal deed; occupation of public or private land; absence of an ownership deed; absence of a survey certificate; absence of a building permit; absence of the approval of the MJIA; and finally, the misuse of utilities (water and electricity). 1324. In addition to the grounds above, the MMAUP stated the following specific reasons with respect to particular places of worship: a. Amir Mohamed Mohamed Barbagi mosque in the A’ali district of the Middle District located on the Sheikh Khalifa Bin Salman highway: according to official documents provided by the MMAUP, this mosque constituted a “clear and present danger” to the users of the highway. The Ministry specifically claimed that it obstructed the safety lane 663 Building Regulation Law of 1977. 325
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Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry

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