Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry

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Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry D. OVERVIEW OF PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM OF BAHRAIN ................................... 41 E. LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES AND OVERSIGHT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES ................................................ 42 1. The Code of Criminal Procedure ................................................ 42 2. The Military Penal Code ............................................................. 43 3. The Public Security Forces Law ................................................. 44 4. The Decree Establishing the National Security Agency .............. 45 5. Conclusions ................................................................................. 46 F. THE SCOPE AND CONTENT OF ROYAL DECREE NO. 18 OF 2011 ON THE DECLARATION OF A STATE OF NATIONAL SAFETY ........ 47 G. AGENCIES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF BAHRAIN RESPONSIBLE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ROYAL DECREE NO. 18 OF 2011 50 1. The Bahrain Defence Force (BDF) ............................................. 50 2. The Ministry of Interior ............................................................... 52 3. The National Security Agency ..................................................... 53 4. The National Guard .................................................................... 55 H. THE INTERPRETATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ROYAL DECREE NO. 18 OF 2011 .............................................................. 56 1. The Interpretation of Royal Decree No. 18 of 2011 .................... 56 2. The Implementation of Royal Decree No. 18 of 2011 ................. 58 3. Challenges to the Constitutionality of Royal Decree No. 18 of 2011 ............................................................................. 60 CHAPTER IV — NARRATIVE OF EVENTS OF FEBRUARY AND MARCH 2011 A. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 65 B. NARRATIVE OF EVENTS THAT OCCURRED IN BAHRAIN IN FEBRUARY AND MARCH 2011 ..................................................... 65 C. CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS .................................................. 162 1. The Progression of the Protest Movement ................................ 162 2. Government Policy During the Events of February and March 2011 ............................................................................... 165 3. Political Negotiations Between HRH the Crown Prince and Political Parties ................................................................. 168 ii
Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry CHAPTER V — EVENTS AT SALMANIYA MEDICAL COMPLEX A. FACTUAL BACKGROUND ........................................................... 171 1. Chronology of Events ................................................................ 171 2. Allegations ................................................................................ 176 (1) Control and management of SMC .................................... 178 (2) Spreading false rumours and information ......................... 185 (3) Granting access to the media ............................................ 187 (4) Unauthorised marches and gatherings by medical personnel ........................................................................... 188 (5) Discrimination based on ethnicity or sect ......................... 190 (6) Illegal acquisition and use of medicine and medical facilities ............................................................................. 194 (7) Unlawful detention of patients .......................................... 196 (8) Possession of firearms and weapons ................................. 198 (9) Attacks on medical staff at the GCC Roundabout ............ 199 (10) Refusal to send ambulances .......................................... 200 (11) Unlawful arrests and mistreatment conducted by the authorities ....................................................................... 201 (12) Lack of access to medical care ..................................... 204 (13) Bahrain Television and other government officials media campaign against the accused medical personnel ....................................................................... 205 B. APPLICABLE LAW...................................................................... 207 1. International Law ...................................................................... 207 2. National Law ............................................................................. 208 C. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................... 211 CHAPTER VI — ALLEGATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS AGAINST THE PERSON SECTION A – DEATHS ARISING OUT OF THE EVENTS ....................... 219 Part 1 – Deaths Arising out of the Events ......................................... 219 a) Factual Background .............................................................. 219 b) Applicable law ...................................................................... 220 (1) International Law .............................................................. 220 (2) National Law .................................................................... 221 c) Findings and Conclusions ..................................................... 223 (1) Civilian deaths attributed to security forces ...................... 223 (2) Deaths attributed to torture ............................................... 225 (3) Civilian deaths not attributable to a perpetrator ................ 226 iii
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d. Deaths of expatriate workers Rep
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Unattributed deaths Report of the B
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a. March 2011 Report of the Bahrain
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CASE NO. 8 (Examined by forensic te
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(Examined by forensic team) Date of
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Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry

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