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221 ,<br />

the interests <strong>of</strong> King Leorold's Con<strong>go</strong> enterprise.<br />

In East Africa on the other hand, economic motives took<br />

second pl<strong>ac</strong>e to philanthropy. Since the 1&Ip+s Britain<br />

had held a position <strong>of</strong> influence over the Sultan <strong>of</strong><br />

Zanzibar who ruled the islands <strong>of</strong>f the east coast <strong>of</strong><br />

Africa and a strip <strong>of</strong> mainland territory; by diplomatic<br />

pressure and assiduous naval patrols, Britain managed to<br />

prevent most slave trading, though not slave holding, in<br />

his dominions.<br />

(2)<br />

The British Consuls at<br />

(i)<br />

Zanzibar, Sir<br />

John Kirk from 1873 to 1886, and Euan Smith from 1Ce6 to<br />

1891, were important figures in Bast African diplom<strong>ac</strong>y.<br />

They were the only link with the few Europeans in the<br />

interior, since the Sultan exercised little <strong>ac</strong>tual control<br />

away from the coast.<br />

British penetration <strong>of</strong> the interior was confined to<br />

a few explorers, traders and niaaionarieu. A great<br />

impetus to missions had been given<br />

by Livingstone'a<br />

journeys <strong>of</strong> the 1860's and 1870's. The Livingstone<br />

tradition was particularly potent in developing Scottish<br />

interoet in Africa. By 1874, the Free Church <strong>of</strong> Scotland<br />

had established a mission on Lake Iyyaua, und the Church<br />

(1) Thin in the conclusion arrived at by Roger Anetoy, üp t.<br />

(2) L. 'j. Hollingsworth, Zr nzibar under the Forcirn Office<br />

lgqO-19129 London 1953.

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