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26.
alternative before England. "
('1)
The smaller nations such an
Spain, Switzerland and Bolgium, were ".. domesticated species$
living by the grace of their stronger neighboursi under
artificial conditions. "
(2)
The social Darwinist ideas associated
with the writings of-Carl Pearson and Benjamin Kidd,
(3) had
beau absorbed by a good' many Imperialists by the end of the
century. A writer in the Saturday Eeview in 1896 constructed a
complete analysis of foreign policy on the basic of evolutionary
theories. "The foreign policies of the nations, co for as they
are not the more expression of the individual ambitions of
rulero... sre anticipation of, and provision for, atrugglea for
existence between the incipient apociem.
E" t4)
A biological view
of foreign policy involved federation of the colonies to unify
the Anglo-Saxon race; unlike Chamberlain the writer thought
that the great struggles of the future would be fought with the
rival
Empires of Germany and the U. S. A.
Racial theories led to views on social questions. An Imperial
race must be strong and healthy and this ideal implied some
improvement of conditions among the working clasnt which in turn
presupposed efficient and won-organised government. Racial
(1) T, U. 3. Eacotts 2n-
, p"586.
(2) Saturday Review, February 18969 op cit, p. 119.
(3) Bernard Ge=o1; ß Im arir ltsz und Social R arm London 1960, cb. 2.
(4) Saturday Reviews February 18960 op cit, ppa. 119-120.