The Descent of Man

do the horns of ruminants. In India and Malacca
the males alone are provided with welldeveloped
tusks. The elephant of Ceylon is
considered by most naturalists as a distinct
race, but by some as a distinct species, and here
"not one in a hundred is found with tusks, the
few that possess them being exclusively males."
(20. Sir J. Emerson Tennent, 'Ceylon,' 1859, vol.
ii. p. 274. For Malacca, 'Journal of Indian Archipelago,'
vol. iv. p. 357.) The African elephant is
undoubtedly distinct, and the female has large
well-developed tusks, though not so large as
those of the male.
These differences in the tusks of the several
races and species of elephants—the great variability
of the horns of deer, as notably in the
wild reindeer—the occasional presence of
horns in the female Antilope Bezoartica, and
their frequent absence in the female of Antilocapra
americana—the presence of two tusks in
some few male narwhals—the complete absen-