The Descent of Man

certain extent used for this purpose. But the
wart-hog is not destitute of other special means
of protection, for it has, on each side of the face,
beneath the eyes, a rather stiff, yet flexible, cartilaginous,
oblong pad (Fig. 67), which projects
two or three inches outwards; and it appeared
to Mr. Bartlett and myself, when viewing the
living animal, that these pads, when struck
from beneath by the tusks of an opponent,
would be turned upwards, and would thus
admirably protect the somewhat prominent
eyes. I may add, on the authority of Mr. Bartlett,
that these boars when fighting stand directly
face to face.
Lastly, the African river-hog (Potomochoerus
penicillatus) has a hard cartilaginous knob on
each side of the face beneath the eyes, which
answers to the flexible pad of the wart-hog; it
has also two bony prominences on the upper
jaw above the nostrils. A boar of this species in
the Zoological Gardens recently broke into the