The Descent of Man

to escape, after, as the surgeon thought, running
great risk of his life.
Besides love and sympathy, animals exhibit
other qualities connected with the social instincts,
which in us would be called moral; and I
agree with Agassiz (16. 'De l'Espece et de la
Classe,' 1869, p. 97.) that dogs possess something
very like a conscience.
Dogs possess some power of self-command,
and this does not appear to be wholly the result
of fear. As Braubach (17. 'Die Darwin'sche Art-
Lehre,' 1869, s. 54.) remarks, they will refrain
from stealing food in the absence of their master.
They have long been accepted as the very
type of fidelity and obedience. But the elephant
is likewise very faithful to his driver or keeper,
and probably considers him as the leader of the
herd. Dr. Hooker informs me that an elephant,
which he was riding in India, became so deeply
bogged that he remained stuck fast until the
next day, when he was extricated by men with