The Descent of Man

the castoreum of the beaver, see Mr. L.H. Morgan's
most interesting work, 'The American
Beaver,' 1868, p. 300. Pallas ('Spic. Zoolog.' fasc.
viii. 1779, p. 23) has well discussed the odoriferous
glands of mammals. Owen ('Anat. of Vertebrates,'
vol. iii. p. 634) also gives an account of
these glands, including those of the elephant,
and (p. 763) those of shrew-mice. On bats, Mr.
Dobson in 'Proceedings of the Zoological Society'
1873, p. 241.), but their uses are not known.
In other species the glands are confined to the
males, or are more developed than in the females;
and they almost always become more active
during the rutting-season. At this period the
glands on the sides of the face of the male elephant
enlarge, and emit a secretion having a
strong musky odour. The males, and rarely the
females, of many kinds of bats have glands and
protrudable sacks situated in various parts; and
it is believed that these are odoriferous.